Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
One study reported a 13% incidence in teeth with pre-operative caries fillings or crowns.
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion 13
1 study
GRADE not reported
Proportion 5
1 study
GRADE not reported
Periapical pathosis incidence · Vital teeth
One study reported a 1.4% incidence with bone level < 35%.
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion 1.4
1 study
GRADE not reported
Proportion 0
1 study
GRADE not reported
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
The pooled incidence with eugenol-based temporary cement was 3.34%.
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion 3.34 [1.66, 5.58]
7043 participants
GRADE not reported
Proportion 5.77 [3.72, 8.24]
639 participants
GRADE not reported
Self-reported thirst · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth
Gum chewing reduced self-reported thirst in most studies (6 of 7 positive, 1 no effect); not meta-analyzed.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pulp necrosis
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion 1.19
1 study
GRADE not reported
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
The pooled incidence with GIC permanent cement was 5.33%.
1 finding from 1 review
Periapical pathosis · Vital teeth restored with indirect restorations
Periapical pathosis incidence among follow-up >5-10 years was 3.88% (subgroup analysis; not GRADE-rated).
6 findings from 1 review
Show 3 more findings
Oral mucosal moisture · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth
One small study found that chewing hard (but not soft) gum increased oral mucosal moisture.
1 finding from 1 review
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
The pooled incidence with polyether impression material was 4.02%.
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion 4.02 [2.47, 5.92]
2985 participants
GRADE not reported
Proportion 3.17 [1.55, 5.34]
636 participants
GRADE not reported
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
The pooled incidence with ceramic restorations was 5.59%.
1 finding from 1 review
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
The pooled incidence with radiographic assessment was 4.95%.
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion 4.95 [2.43, 8.29]
5 studies · 1853 participants
GRADE not reported
Proportion 5.66 [3.71, 7.99]
24 studies · 6581 participants
GRADE not reported
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
One study reported a 1.1% incidence with zinc polycarboxylate permanent cement.
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion 1.1
1 study
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Pulp necrosis
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion 3.27
1 study
GRADE not reported
Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth
Gum chewing was linked with improved self-reported xerostomia / dry mouth in most studies (12 of 17 positive, 5 no effect); heterogeneous instruments precluded meta-analysis.
1 finding from 1 review
The effect of gum chewing on xerostomia and salivary flow rate in elderly and medically compromised subjects: a… 2023 All outcomesVarious (single session to 3 months) · Haemodialysis units, elderly / geriatric care, cancer and palliative care, and xerostomia / hyposalivation clinics (studies from multiple countries)
Narrative vote-count: of 17 studies measuring self-reported xerostomia / dry mouth, 12 found a positive effect of gum chewing [18,19,21,23,24,25,26,27,30,31,38,40] and 5 detected no effect [17,29,33,34,37]. No study…
17 studies
GRADE not reported
Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth
The pooled incidence with ≤ 5 years of follow-up was 3.53%.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children)
In children aged 3 years or younger, preterm birth was not associated with early childhood caries (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.37); certainty not graded.
2 findings from 1 review