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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anticoagulant with or without ASA vs ASA only Thrombosis Median · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.25, 3.77] | 4 studies · 493 participants | Low |
ASA vs placebo Mortality · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ASA vs placebo Quality of life · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ASA vs placebo Adverse event other than bleeding · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 participants | Ungraded |
ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG Thrombosis Up to 2 months postpartum in Dendrinos 2009, not specified in Ismail 2016 · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 258 participants | Ungraded |
ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG Bleeding ‐ major (bleeding requiring transfusion) Length of · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 9 [0.49, 164.76] | 1 study · 180 participants | Moderate |
ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG Bleeding ‐ other (bleeding during first trimester) Length of · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.5, 1.61] | 1 study · 180 participants | Moderate |
ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG Bleeding ‐ other (postpartum haemorrhage) Length of · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [0.6, 2.81] | 1 study · 180 participants | Moderate |
ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG Mortality · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG Quality of life · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG Adverse events other than bleeding · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3 participants | Ungraded |
Anticoagulant with or without ASA vs ASA only Bleeding ‐ major · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 493 participants | Ungraded |
ASA + high‐dose LMWH vs ASA + low‐dose LMWH or UFH Thrombosis · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 120 participants | Ungraded |
ASA + high‐dose LMWH vs ASA + low‐dose LMWH or UFH Bleeding ‐ major/excessive · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 120 participants | Ungraded |
ASA + high‐dose LMWH vs ASA + low‐dose LMWH or UFH Subcutaneous bruises · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.34, 2.93] | 2 studies · 120 participants | Low |
ASA + high‐dose LMWH vs ASA + low‐dose LMWH or UFH Mortality · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ASA + high‐dose LMWH vs ASA + low‐dose LMWH or UFH Quality of life · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ASA + high‐dose LMWH vs ASA + low‐dose LMWH or UFH Adverse events other than bleeding · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Anticoagulant with or without ASA vs ASA only Bleeding ‐ minor (not requiring hospital admission) Median · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 22.45 [1.34, 374.81] | 1 study · 164 participants | Low |
Anticoagulant with or without ASA vs ASA only Mortality · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anticoagulant with or without ASA vs ASA only Quality of life · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anticoagulant with or without ASA vs ASA only Adverse event other than bleeding · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2014 participants | Ungraded |
ASA vs placebo Thrombosis · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5.21 [0.63, 42.97] | 1 study · 98 participants | Low |
ASA vs placebo Bleeding ‐ major · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 98 participants | Ungraded |
ASA vs placebo Bleeding ‐ minor · people with antiphospholipid antibodies and no history of thrombosis Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.13 [0.34, 29.01] | 1 study · 98 participants | Low |
Stem cell therapy (any source) vs any other modality of treatment Rate of amputation · individuals with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stem cell therapy (any source) vs any other modality of treatment Ulcer healing (size area) · individuals with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Stem cell therapy (any source) vs any other modality of treatment Pain Measured using a validated pain score or scale, or quality of life questionnaire · individuals with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stem cell therapy (any source) vs any other modality of treatment Adverse effects Local or systemic inflammatory response, cardiovascular abnormalities, and thromboembolic complications · individuals with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stem cell therapy (any source) vs any other modality of treatment Amputation‐free survival · individuals with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stem cell therapy (any source) vs any other modality of treatment Pain‐free walking distance · individuals with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) Stem cell therapy for treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pain‐free walking distance (m) · adults with intermittent claudication Exercise for intermittent claudication (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 391 participants | High |
Intervention NR Maximum walking distance (m) · adults with intermittent claudication Exercise for intermittent claudication (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 500 participants | High |
Intervention NR Ankle brachial index · adults with intermittent claudication Exercise for intermittent claudication (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 570 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality: all‐cause deaths · adults with intermittent claudication Exercise for intermittent claudication (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.39, 2.17] | 5 studies · 540 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Amputation · adults with intermittent claudication Exercise for intermittent claudication (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.15] | 1 study · 177 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of Life SF‐36 Physical Summary score (scale 0 to 100, higher score indicates better quality of life) · adults with intermittent claudication Exercise for intermittent claudication (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 429 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of Life SF‐36 Mental Summary score (scale 0 to 100, higher score indicates better quality of life) · adults with intermittent claudication Exercise for intermittent claudication (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 343 participants | Moderate |
LMWH vs UFH Incidence of recurrent VTE1 after initial treatment (up to 15 days) · people with venous thromboembolism (VTE) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.69 [0.49, 0.98] | 18 studies · 6238 participants | Moderate |
LMWH vs UFH Incidence of recurrent VTE1 (3 months · people with venous thromboembolism (VTE) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.56, 0.9] | 16 studies · 6661 participants | Moderate |
LMWH vs UFH Incidence of recurrent VTE1 (end of · people with venous thromboembolism (VTE) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.59, 0.88] | 22 studies · 9489 participants | Moderate |
LMWH vs UFH Reduction in thrombus size (pre‐ and post‐treatment venograms) · people with venous thromboembolism (VTE) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.61, 0.82] | 16 studies · 2909 participants | Low |
LMWH vs UFH Incidence of major haemorrhagic episodes (during initial treatment ‐ up to 15 days) · people with venous thromboembolism (VTE) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.69 [0.5, 0.95] | 25 studies · 8780 participants | Moderate |
LMWH vs UFH Overall mortality (end of · people with venous thromboembolism (VTE) Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.7, 1.01] | 24 studies · 9663 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Early postoperative non‐thrombotic complications · Individuals with peripheral arterial disease Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.29 [0.96, 1.73] | 6 studies · 1015 participants | High |
Intervention NR Procedural mortality · Individuals with peripheral arterial disease Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.67 [0.66, 4.19] | 5 studies · 913 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinical improvement · Individuals with peripheral arterial disease Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.65 [0.03, 14.52] | 2 studies · 154 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Amputation · Individuals with peripheral arterial disease Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.24 [0.82, 1.87] | 5 studies · 752 participants | High |
Intervention NR Primary patency · Individuals with peripheral arterial disease Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.94 [1.2, 3.14] | 4 studies · 300 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Primary patency · Individuals with peripheral arterial disease Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.74, 1.78] | 2 studies · 363 participants | High |