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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

current versions

No studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Individual TF‐CBT vs waiting list/usual care Anxiety symptoms ‐ average endpoint BAI total score (high = poor) ‐ medium term (12 months) · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 9 participants	Very low
Individual TF‐CBT vs waiting list/usual care Depressive symptoms ‐ average endpoint BDI‐II total (high = poor) ‐ medium term (12 months) ‐ skewed data · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 48 participants	Very low
Individual TF‐CBT vs waiting list/usual care Adverse events ‐ incidents of unspecified severe adverse events ‐ medium term · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 100 participants	Low
Individual TF‐CBT vs waiting list/usual care Health economics · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
EMDR vs waiting list/usual care PTSD symptom severity: 1. Clinician‐rated severity ‐ average endpoint CAPS total score (high = poor) ‐ Medium term ‐ skewed data · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 83 participants	Very low
EMDR vs waiting list/usual care Quality of life: 1. General quality of life · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine Global state: clinically important improvement Clinical Global Impression · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.11 [0.84, 1.47]	2 studies · 120 participants	Very low
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine Mental state: clinically important improvement · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine Adverse effects. Specific: movement disorders ‐ parkinsonism · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.97 [0.46, 2.03]	2 studies · 70 participants	Very low
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine Service use: readmission due to relapse · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine Satisfaction of participant or care provider with treatment · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine Behaviour: aggressive or violent behaviour · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine Cost of care · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Different communication strategies vs treatment Engagement with services: clinically important change in engagement with services, as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia and their carers Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Different communication strategies vs treatment Treatment adherence: clinically important change in treatment adherence, as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia and their carers Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Different communication strategies vs treatment Understanding: clinically important change in understanding the nature of illness and its outcome, as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia and their carers Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Different communication strategies vs treatment Quality of life: clinically important change in general quality of life or well‐being, as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia and their carers Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Different communication strategies vs treatment Mental state: clinically important change in mental state, as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia and their carers Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Different communication strategies vs treatment Satisfaction communication of diagnosis: clinically important change (patient or carer's), as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia and their carers Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Different communication strategies vs treatment Adverse effect: clinically important adverse effect of intervention ‐ as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia and their carers Different communication strategies for disclosing a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs Clotiapine Global state: clinically important change · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs Clotiapine Mental state: 1a. General symptoms ‐ average change (PANSS, short term) · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 31 participants	Very low
Chlorpromazine vs Clotiapine Mental state: 2c. Specific ‐ average change score for negative symptoms (PANSS ‐ negative short term) · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 21 participants	Very low
Chlorpromazine vs Clotiapine Adverse effects: incidence of serious adverse effects. Movement disorders ‐ dyskinesia ‐short‐term · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.13, 71.15]	1 study · 68 participants	Very low
Chlorpromazine vs Clotiapine Adverse effects: clinically significant extrapyramidal symptoms · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Chlorpromazine vs Clotiapine Leaving the study early: for any reason · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.68 [0.24, 1.88]	3 studies · 158 participants	Very low
Chlorpromazine vs Clotiapine Cost of care · people with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Service utilisation: hospital admission (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.19 [0.01, 3.6]	1 study · 29 participants	Low
Intervention NR Global state: clinically important change in global state · patients with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR Global state: relapse · patients with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR Mental state: clinically important change in mental state · patients with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR Adverse effect/event: clinically important extrapyramidal adverse events ‐ akathisia (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.19 [0.04, 1.06]	2 studies · 85 participants	Low
Intervention NR Adverse effect/event: death · patients with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 2 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR Leaving the study early: any reason (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.21 [0.83, 1.77]	3 studies · 130 participants	Low
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Mental state: clinically important change PANSS ‐ not improved · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.81 [0.62, 1.07]	1 study · 84 participants	Low
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Global state: relapse · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Social functioning: clinically important change SOFS ‐ overall, not improved · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.04]	1 study · 84 participants	Low
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Adverse effects ‐ any · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 85 participants	Moderate
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Quality of life: clinically important change SF‐36 average change score mental health * · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 69 participants	Low
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Physical health: clinically important change WHQOL‐BREF ‐ average change score * · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 41 participants	Low
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Costs: direct and indirect costs of care · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
YOGA vs NON‐STANDARD CARE Leaving the study early: short term · people with schizophrenia Yoga versus non‐standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.64 [0.49, 0.83]	6 studies · 586 participants	Moderate
Yoga package vs standard care Mental State: clinically important change · patients with schizophrenia Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Yoga package vs standard care Social functioning: clinically important change · patients with schizophrenia Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Yoga package vs standard care Adverse events: clinically important adverse effect · patients with schizophrenia Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Yoga package vs standard care Quality of life: clinically important change* · patients with schizophrenia Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 80 participants	Low
Yoga package vs standard care Leaving the study early: any reason Leaving the study early: participants lost to · patients with schizophrenia Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 193 participants	Moderate
Yoga package vs standard care Costs of care: direct and indirect · patients with schizophrenia Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Yoga package vs standard care Physical health: clinically important change · patients with schizophrenia Yoga as part of a package of care versus standard care for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
WENDAN DECOCTION vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined as PANSS < 50% reduction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.53 [0.39, 0.73]	1 study · 72 participants	Low