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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal
current versionsNo studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only Pain Visual analog scale Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Massage + phonophoresis vs phonophoresis alone Function Visual analog scale Scale from 0 to 100 (higher is better) · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Massage + phonophoresis vs phonophoresis alone Quality of life not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + phonophoresis vs phonophoresis alone Patient global assessment of success not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + phonophoresis vs phonophoresis alone Adverse events not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + phonophoresis vs phonophoresis alone Withdrawals due to adverse events not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Deep transverse massage + physical therapy vs physical therapy alone Daily pain Visual analog scale (VAS) Scale from 0 to 10 (lower is better) · patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome (knee tendinitis) Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Deep transverse massage + physical therapy vs physical therapy alone Proportion reporting pain relief of 30% or greater not measured · patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome (knee tendinitis) Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Deep transverse massage + physical therapy vs physical therapy alone Function not measured · patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome (knee tendinitis) Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Deep transverse massage + physical therapy vs physical therapy alone Quality of life not measured · patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome (knee tendinitis) Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Deep transverse massage + physical therapy vs physical therapy alone Patient global assessment not measured · patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome (knee tendinitis) Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only Proportion reporting pain relief of 30% or greater not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Deep transverse massage + physical therapy vs physical therapy alone Adverse events not measured · patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome (knee tendinitis) Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Deep transverse massage + physical therapy vs physical therapy alone Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome (knee tendinitis) Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only Function Visual analog function index Scale from 0 to 100 (higher is better) · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only Quality of life—not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only Patient global assessment of success not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only Adverse events not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only Withdrawals due to adverse events not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage + phonophoresis vs phonophoresis alone Pain Visual analog scale Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Massage + phonophoresis vs phonophoresis alone Proportion reporting pain relief of 30% or greater not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) Treatment failure rate · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) vs unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Function · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) vs unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Health‐related quality of life measures Participant opinion: improvement · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) vs unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Adverse events · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.06, 1.08] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) vs unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Mortality · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) vs unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Reoperation rate · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) Pain · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) Function · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) Health‐related quality of life measures · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) Serious adverse events · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.49 [0.64, 9.75] | 4 studies · 265 participants | Low |
Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) Mortality · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other types of high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) vs closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) Reoperation rate · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.58 [1.49, 4.45] | 4 studies · 224 participants | Low |
Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) vs unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Treatment failure rate · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.94, 1.87] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW‐HTO) vs unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Pain · people with knee osteoarthritis Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM Active knee flexion ROM Goniometer. Scale: 0 to 130 · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 470 participants | Moderate |
Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM Pain Visual analogue scale. Scale: 0 to 10 (lower score better) · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 414 participants | Low |
Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM Function Various. Scale: 0 to 100 (higher score better) · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 405 participants | Moderate |
Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM Quality of life SF‐12. Scale from: 0 to 100 (higher score better). · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 156 participants | Moderate |
Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM Participants' global assessment of treatment effectiveness Questionnaire. Scale: 0 to 7 · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 211 participants | Very low |
Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM Manipulation under anaesthesia Counts of manipulation under anaesthesia · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.13, 0.89] | 8 studies · 581 participants | Very low |
Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM Adverse events Counts of adverse events · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.63, 1.33] | 16 studies · 1040 participants | Low |
Sulfasalazine vs placebo Back pain (pooled data) · Patients with ankylosing spondylitis Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 454 participants | Moderate |
Sulfasalazine vs placebo Mean improvement in Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) ‐ not reported · Patients with ankylosing spondylitis Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulfasalazine vs placebo Mean improvement in Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI) ‐ not reported · Patients with ankylosing spondylitis Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulfasalazine vs placebo Mean improvement in Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index (BASMI) ‐ not reported · Patients with ankylosing spondylitis Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulfasalazine vs placebo Radiographic progress ‐ not reported · Patients with ankylosing spondylitis Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulfasalazine vs placebo Total number of withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with ankylosing spondylitis Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [1.04, 1.94] | 11 studies · 895 participants | Moderate |
Sulfasalazine vs placebo Serious adverse events · Patients with ankylosing spondylitis Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2014) · Cochrane | OR 7.5 [0.15, 378.16] | 1 study · 264 participants | Moderate |
Diacerein vs placebo Pain overall visual analogue scale for pain Scale from: 0 to 100 · participants with osteoarthritis Diacerein for osteoarthritis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1283 participants | Low |