Neural tube defects (All) · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes neural tube defects (spina bifida, encephalocoele, anencephaly‐fatal… compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.32 [0.21, 0.48]
8037 participants
Very low
Pre‐eclampsia · women during pregnancy
A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · women during pregnancy
A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher probably leads to lower gestational diabetes compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · women during pregnancy
A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · women during pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher changes low birthweight compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations treated… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patients with severe exacerbations (requiring hospitalisation or ER visit) · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Asthma control · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 % predicted · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events due to any cause · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
People with fatal asthma exacerbation. · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals (parallel group trials/first arm cross‐over trials) · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in withdrawals from trial compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death at hospital discharge · individuals with moderate to severe disease
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement of clinical status · individuals with moderate to severe disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Worsening of clinical status · individuals with moderate to severe disease
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in worsening of clinical status compared with placebo or standard care alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life, including fatigue and neurological functioning; · individuals with moderate to severe disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events: all grades · individuals with moderate to severe disease
It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Vitamin D changes adverse events (any grade) compared with placebo or standard care alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · individuals with moderate to severe disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) · general population over 2 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found