Cochrane · systematic review · CD010068
Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency
Hombali, AS, Solon, JA, Venkatesh, BT, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019 · Cochrane Library
Public HealthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
18
current version
GRADE rated
7
No studies
11
Included studies
NR
No studies 11 · 61.1%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 4 · 22.2%Low 2 · 11.1%Moderate 1 · 5.6%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Staple foods fortified with vitamin A versus same unfortified staple foods for vitamin A deficiency
Population: general population above 2 years of age
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1829 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 70 μmol/L or less) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods | RR 0.45 [0.19, 1.05] | 2 studies · 993 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (defined as night blindness) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods | RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.98] | 1 study · 581 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
All‐cause mortality Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause morbidity Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients versus same unfortified staple foods for vitamin A deficiency
Population: general population over 2 years of age
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1009 participants | Low Downgraded: inconsistency |
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L or less) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs same unfortified staple foods | RR 0.27 [0.16, 0.49] | 3 studies · 923 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause mortality Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause morbidity Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs same unfortified staple foods | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients versus no intervention for vitamin A deficiency
Population: general population over 2 years of age
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 318 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L or less) Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention | RR 0.71 [0.52, 0.98] | 2 studies · 318 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause mortality Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause morbidity Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |