Changes in condyle position: fossa-condyle relations for posterior (1 year post-operative) · Adults (16 years of age or older) with an Angle Class III malocclusion (prominent lower front teeth); people with syndromes, clefts or…
Vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO) with osteosynthesis showed no clear difference in changes in condyle position: fossa-condyle relations for posterior… compared with vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO) without osteosynthesis; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Stability of correction: vertical changes of pogonion (1 week to 1 year) · Adults (16 years of age or older) with an Angle Class III malocclusion (prominent lower front teeth); people with syndromes, clefts or…
Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) showed no clear difference in stability of correction: vertical changes of pogonion (1 week to 1… compared with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Stability of correction: sagittal changes of B-point (1 week to 1 year) · Adults (16 years of age or older) with an Angle Class III malocclusion (prominent lower front teeth); people with syndromes, clefts or…
Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) showed no clear difference in stability of correction: sagittal changes of B-point (1 week to 1… compared with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Stability of correction: sagittal changes of pogonion (1 week to 1 year) · Adults (16 years of age or older) with an Angle Class III malocclusion (prominent lower front teeth); people with syndromes, clefts or…
Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) showed no clear difference in stability of correction: sagittal changes of pogonion (1 week to 1… compared with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Stability of correction: vertical changes of B-point (1 week to 1 year) · Adults (16 years of age or older) with an Angle Class III malocclusion (prominent lower front teeth); people with syndromes, clefts or…
Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) showed no clear difference in stability of correction: vertical changes of B-point (1 week to 1… compared with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
At least 50% reduction in pain · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…
Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours (using pain intensity… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
3 findings from 1 review
RR 4.87 [2.83, 8.37]
17 studies · 1658 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 3.41 [2.34, 4.97]
13 studies · 1184 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 2.85 [1.89, 4.29]
16 studies · 1498 participants
GRADE not reported
Patients with one or more adverse events · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…
Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… showed no clear difference in patients with one or more adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…
Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 6 hours (using pain relief… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Femur fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.820 [0.618, 1.087]
489106 participants
GRADE not reported
Lumbar spine and pelvis fracture · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Weighted Median interval included the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 1.058 [0.966, 1.158]
490700 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.036 [0.956, 1.122]
490700 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.055 [0.983, 1.132]
490700 participants
GRADE not reported
Forearm fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.901 [0.751, 1.081]
490889 participants
GRADE not reported
Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants
The SVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
4 findings from 1 review
OR 1.001 [0.918, 1.093]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.998 [0.934, 1.067]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.002 [0.925, 1.086]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 1 more finding
OR 0.998 [0.933, 1.067]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…
For a defective amalgam restoration with disruption of occlusal integrity, surveyed dentists most often preferred replacement over repair (pooled RR 1.70; p < 0.001); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Weighted Median interval included the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 0.985 [0.846, 1.146]
376746 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.003 [0.874, 1.151]
376746 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.953 [0.813, 1.117]
376746 participants
GRADE not reported
Fracture · general population
Non-linear positive dose-response: little change in overall fracture risk below ~1.5 mg/L drinking-water fluoride, with risk increasing above that threshold (RR 1.06, 1.19, 1.35 at 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/L vs null); ungraded (4 studies).
4 findings from 1 review
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 1.2 mg/L vs null
RR 1.00 [0.80, 1.24]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 4.0 mg/L vs null
RR 1.35 [0.94, 1.95]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 3.0 mg/L vs null
RR 1.19 [0.87, 1.64]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Show 1 more finding
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 2.0 mg/L vs null
RR 1.06 [0.80, 1.41]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European-ancestry adults
In multivariable MR, genetically predicted dental caries (DMFS) had no significant causal effect on osteoporosis with pathological fracture (OR 1.279, not significant).
2 findings from 1 review
Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Maximum Likelihood interval included the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 1.363 [0.955, 1.947]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.355 [0.696, 2.635]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.214 [0.746, 1.977]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
Osteoporosis · European-ancestry adults
In multivariable MR (adjusted for periodontitis), higher genetically predicted dental caries (DMFS) causally increased osteoporosis risk (OR 1.165, moderate evidence).
2 findings from 1 review
Bone mineral density in forearm · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted dental caries (DMFS) had no causal effect on forearm BMD.
1 finding from 1 review
Risk of femoral fractures · general population
Femoral-fracture risk was mildly U-shaped: RR 0.86 at 0.5 mg/L rising to 1.06 at 1.8 mg/L drinking-water fluoride vs null; risk mostly below null across the range; ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 1.8 mg/L vs null
RR 1.06 [0.67, 1.69]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
The association of fluoride exposure with bone density and fracture risk: a dose-response meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomesLong-term / lifetime fluoride exposure · General population; 37 observational studies (1944-2024), predominantly North America (USA, Canada) and Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden), plus UK, Poland, Italy, Germany, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Ethiopia; exposure mainly community drinking-water fluoride · Drinking-water fluoride 0.5 mg/L vs null
RR 0.86 [0.71, 1.05]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported