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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93] | 5 studies · 3140 participants | High |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.6, 1.12] | 2 studies · 1960 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.72 [1.39, 2.13] | 2 studies · 1823 participants | High |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo Non‐fatal serious adverse events · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [0.72, 1.74] | 4 studies · 2527 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.55 [0.25, 1.18] | 2 studies · 1960 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo Improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically significant improvement: using TDI focal score (≥ 1 unit) · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.51 [2.02, 3.11] | 2 studies · 1832 participants | High |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.17 [0.97, 1.41] | 2 studies · 2002 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo Change in lung function: from baseline in trough FEV1 (L) · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2137 participants | High |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.76, 1.22] | 4 studies · 2527 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone Non‐fatal serious adverse events · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.19 [0.79, 1.8] | 3 studies · 2473 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.62 [0.29, 1.29] | 2 studies · 2156 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone Improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically significant improvement: using TDI focal score (≥ 1 unit) · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.34 [1.11, 1.62] | 2 studies · 2013 participants | High |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone Change in lung function: from baseline in trough FEV1 (L) · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2333 participants | High |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.76, 1.18] | 3 studies · 2473 participants | Moderate |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.62, 0.99] | 3 studies · 2694 participants | High |
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · people with COPD Combined aclidinium bromide and long‐acting beta2‐agonist for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.89, 1.5] | 1 study · 1000 participants | Low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT vs PR QoL ‐ Change in SGRQ total score Scale 0 to 100. Lower is better and 4 units is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 249 participants | Low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT + PR vs PR Dyspnoea ‐ CRQ dyspnoea Scale 1 to 7. Higher is better and 0.5 units is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT + PR vs PR Adverse eventsd · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 272 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for AMBMT vs PR QoL ‐ Change in CAT score Scale 0 to 40. Lower is better and 3 units is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT vs PR Dyspnoea ‐ change in CRQ Dyspnoea CRQ Dyspnoea. Scale 1 to 7. Higher is better and 0.5 unit is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT vs PR Dyspnoea ‐ change in mMRC Scale 0 to 4. Lower is better and 1 unit is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 127 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT vs PR Dyspnoea ‐ change in Borg Scale Borg CR‐10. Scale 0 to 10. Lower is better and 1 unit is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 139 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT vs PR Adverse eventsf · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 490 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings for AMBMT + PR vs PR QoL ‐ SF‐36 general Health Scale 0 to 100. Higher is better · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT + PR vs PR QoL ‐ SF‐36 mental health Scale 0 to 100. Higher is better · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings for AMBMT + PR vs PR QoL ‐ Change in SGRQ total score Scale 0 to 100. Lower is better and 4 units is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 192 participants | Moderate |
Caseworker‐assigned discharge plans vs non‐caseworker‐assigned plans Hospitalisation · children aged 2 to 16 years with asthma Caseworker‐assigned discharge plans to prevent hospital readmission for acute exacerbations in children with… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.16, 0.5] | 2 studies · 361 participants | Moderate |
Caseworker‐assigned discharge plans vs non‐caseworker‐assigned plans Emergency department visit · children aged 2 to 16 years with asthma Caseworker‐assigned discharge plans to prevent hospital readmission for acute exacerbations in children with… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.04, 3.05] | 2 studies · 361 participants | Low |
Caseworker‐assigned discharge plans vs non‐caseworker‐assigned plans General practitioner visit · children aged 2 to 16 years with asthma Caseworker‐assigned discharge plans to prevent hospital readmission for acute exacerbations in children with… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.87 [0.22, 3.44] | 2 studies · 351 participants | Low |
Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA Mortality (all‐cause) · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.02, 1.73] | 2 studies · 880 participants | Very low |
Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA Any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids or antibiotics, or both · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.35, 1.5] | 2 studies · 880 participants | Very low |
Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA Pneumonia · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 6.12 [0.73, 51.24] | 2 studies · 880 participants | Very low |
Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA Quality of life · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 779 participants | Very low |
Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA Hospital admissions (all‐cause) · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.49, 1.89] | 2 studies · 880 participants | Very low |
Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA Exacerbations leading to intubation · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA Physical activity measure (e.g. 6MWT) · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omalizumab vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.48 [0.25, 0.92] | 1 study · 348 participants | Moderate |
Behavioural intervention vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behavioural intervention vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.95, 1.33] | 1 study · 10481 participants | Moderate |
Behavioural intervention vs usual care Adverse events · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omalizumab vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.17, 0.81] | 1 study · 184 participants | Moderate |
Omalizumab vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.22, 1.79] | 1 study · 164 participants | Moderate |
Omalizumab vs usual care Adverse events · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.61, 1.58] | 1 study · 361 participants | Moderate |
A boost of inhaled corticosteroids vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.32, 2.3] | 1 study · 173 participants | Moderate |
A boost of inhaled corticosteroids vs usual care Adverse events · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.34, 1.33] | 1 study · 176 participants | Moderate |
Leukotriene receptor antagonist vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Leukotriene receptor antagonist vs usual care Exacerbations · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.17, 1.46] | 2 studies · 1326 participants | Low |
Leukotriene receptor antagonist vs usual care Adverse events · autumn asthma exacerbations in children Interventions for autumn exacerbations of asthma in children (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.63, 1.32] | 2 studies · 1326 participants | High |
Macrolides vs placebo ≥ 1 exacerbation · adults with bronchiectasis Macrolide antibiotics for bronchiectasis (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.22, 0.54] | 3 studies · 341 participants | Moderate |