Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

948 questions · 998 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 233 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 40 · 4%Very low 203 · 20.3%Low 271 · 27.2%Moderate 176 · 17.6%High 75 · 7.5%

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation vs control

Adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐ bulging fontanelle · mortality and morbidity in term neonates

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation leads to higher adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation vs control

Vomiting · mortality and morbidity in term neonates

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation vs control

Adverse effects: diarrhoea 48 to 72 hours · mortality and morbidity in term neonates

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Spina bifida · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes spina bifida compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Encephalocoele · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes encephalocoele compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Fatal anencephaly · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes fatal anencephaly compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health: non‐randomised studies
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health outcomes

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… showed no clear difference in anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Neural tube defects (All) · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes neural tube defects (spina bifida, encephalocoele, anencephaly‐fatal… compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review