What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in side effects: Thrombocytopenia after catheter insertion (low certainty).

• Heparin‐bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.38, 1.39]
  2 studies · 287 participants
  Low

Low‐pressure vs standard pressure pneumoperitoneum

It is very uncertain whether low pressure changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (very low certainty).

• Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.29, 4.72]
  10 studies · 556 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

It is very uncertain whether fewer‐than‐four ports changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with four ports (very low certainty).

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.19, 2.35]
  5 studies · 581 participants
  Very low

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational vs intravenous

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational may leads to higher nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane +… compared with intravenous (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus inhalational anaesthesia for paediatric outpatient surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.23 [1.49, 7.02]
  4 studies · 176 participants
  Low
• Intravenous versus inhalational anaesthesia for paediatric outpatient surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 7.44 [2.6, 21.26]
  2 studies · 87 participants
  Low

Transbuccal miniplate combined with intraoral approach vs Intraoral approach alone

• Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months · Angle of mandible only
  Persistent malocclusion was minimal, reported in one participant in each group at the 3-month follow-up. Mean interincisor mouth opening at 3 months 37.68 mm (range 17 to 50) combined approach vs 38.19 mm (range 22 to…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Folic acid vs placebo

Folic acid showed no clear difference in haematological disorders (incidence of neutropenia, etc) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [0.42, 6.96]
  2 studies · 443 participants
  Low

Folinic acid vs placebo

Folinic acid showed no clear difference in haematological disorders (neutropenia, etc) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.46 [0.25, 8.59]
  1 study · 278 participants
  Low

Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo

Folic or folinic acid (any) showed no clear difference in haematological disorders (neutropenia, etc) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.55 [0.4, 5.91]
  2 studies · 443 participants
  Low

LC + LCBDE vs LC + post‐operative ERCP

LC + LCBDE showed no clear difference in conversion to open surgery compared with LC + post‐operative ERCP (moderate certainty).

• Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.77 [0.23, 13.81]
  2 studies · 166 participants
  Moderate

LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC

LC + LCBDE showed no clear difference in conversion to open surgery compared with pre‐operative ERCP + LC (moderate certainty).

• Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.46 [0.76, 2.81]
  5 studies · 580 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.18, 0.74]
  3 studies · 153 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy(no… (very low certainty).

• Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.32 [0.21, 0.5]
  6 studies · 388 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy(no… (very low certainty).

• Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.43 [0.23, 0.8]
  4 studies · 242 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.25, 0.56]
  7 studies · 503 participants
  Very low

Pre‐emptive medication vs prophylaxis

• Pre‐emptive treatment for cytomegalovirus viraemia to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 729 participants
  Moderate

Pre‐emptive medication for cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia vs placebo/no treatment

• Pre‐emptive treatment for cytomegalovirus viraemia to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 114 participants
  Low

Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy

It is very uncertain whether early changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (very low certainty).

• Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.63, 1.25]
  6 studies · 488 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes conversion to open cholecystectomy (very low certainty).

• Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.26, 2.21]
  11 studies · 460 participants
  Very low

Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy

It is very uncertain whether miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with standard port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (very low certainty).

• Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.44, 3.45]
  11 studies · 670 participants
  Very low

Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy

It is very uncertain whether early changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (very low certainty).

• Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.1 [0.01, 1.63]
  1 study · 63 participants
  Very low