Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

737 questions · 750 findings · 76 reviews

No studies found 182 · 24.3%GRADE not reported 95 · 12.7%Very low 229 · 30.5%Low 128 · 17.1%Moderate 76 · 10.1%High 40 · 5.3%

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Nausea · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of PON, defined as the presence of subjective nausea, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of POV, reported dichotomously by any discrete episodes of vomiting · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of POV, reported dichotomously by any discrete episodes of… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported dichotomously as the use of any medication intended to treat nausea or vomiting during the postoperative period · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of unintended postoperative admission to hospital, reported dichotomously as admission to an inpatient unit of a participant after an intended ambulatory surgical procedure · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid showed no clear difference in risk of unintended postoperative admission to hospital, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of suffering a serious adverse event, reported dichotomously as the occurrence of any of: admission to high‐dependency unit, postoperative cardiac or respiratory complication, or death · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Vomiting · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in vomiting up to 48 hours after surgery compared with systemic analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Return of gastrointestinal function · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes return of gastrointestinal function compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Complications · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes complications compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) vs control

Cases of typhoid fever, Year 1 · adults and children aged 5 years of age and older

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) probably leads to lower cases of typhoid fever, Year 1 compared with control (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review