Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

841 questions · 868 findings · 102 reviews

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No studies found 276 · 31.8%GRADE not reported 111 · 12.8%Very low 197 · 22.7%Low 187 · 21.5%Moderate 88 · 10.1%High 9 · 1%

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or glass ionomer material

Caries arrestment at the tooth level · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)

Pooling two trials, SDF and ART/glass ionomer cement showed no clear difference in tooth-level caries arrestment (OR 1.22, wide CI; ungraded subgroup).

1 finding from 1 review

The role of silver diamine fluoride as dental caries preventive and arresting agent: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes
6 to 12 months · Children/adults with dental caries; multiple countries; community/clinic care setting not clearly specified · SDF vs ART(GIC)
OR 1.22 [0.09, 16.34]
2 studies · 273 participants
GRADE not reported

38% SDF (one-time application) vs inactive control

New coronal carious lesions or fillings on permanent (first) molars (caries prevention) · Children with dental caries in permanent (first) molars

One-time SDF within a brushing programme did not significantly reduce caries vs control (p>0.05; ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent teeth. 2023 All outcomes
18 months · School-based (children) · Monse 2012 (SDF one-time, with toothbrushing programme)
Mean new caries increment (surfaces) 0.09
1 study · 1016 participants
GRADE not reported
A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent teeth. 2023 All outcomes
18 months · School-based (children) · Monse 2012 (SDF one-time, no toothbrushing programme; Philippines)
Mean new caries increment (surfaces) 0.12
1 study · 1016 participants
GRADE not reported

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

CTS symptoms (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ short‐term improvement: < 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 306 participants
Low

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

CTS symptoms (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ long‐term improvement: > 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 144 participants
Very low

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

Function (Boston CTS questionnaire) ‐ Long‐term improvement: > 3 monthsScale: 1 to 5, higher is worse · carpal tunnel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Low

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

Overall improvement (improved/not improved or worsened) ‐ short‐term improvement: < 3 months · carpal tunnel syndrome

SPLINT may leads to higher overall improvement (improved/not improved or worsened) ‐ short‐term… compared with NO ACTIVE TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.86 [2.29, 6.51]
1 study · 80 participants
Low

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

Health‐related quality of life ‐ Long‐term improvement: > 3 months · carpal tunnel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

Adverse effects · carpal tunnel syndrome

SPLINT showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with NO ACTIVE TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 15 [0.89, 254.13]
1 study · 80 participants
Low

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

Referral for surgery · carpal tunnel syndrome

It is very uncertain whether SPLINT changes referral for surgery compared with NO ACTIVE TREATMENT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.14, 1.58]
3 studies · 243 participants
Very low

CBT vs active control

Pain intensity (Higher scores indicate higher pain intensity) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 261 participants
Moderate

CBT vs active control

Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT vs active control

Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT vs active control

Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 189 participants
Low

CBT vs active control

Quality of life (Higher scores indicate improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 261 participants
Moderate

CBT vs active control

Number experiencing adverse effects · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 135 participants
Very low

CBT vs alternative treatment

Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
This outcome was not measured (not synthesised for this comparison; review-wide only one study reported quality of life).
Studies not reported
No studies found

SDF applied biannually (every 6 months) vs Other non/minimally-invasive treatment (ART or 5% NaF varnish)

Caries arrest · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

Biannual SDF application significantly arrested caries (pooled ES 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.60; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
Follow-up up to 12 months (biannual application) · Pediatric dental care in hospital, community/school and outpatient settings (Saudi Arabia, China, India, Brazil, Spain) · SDF application frequency: biannual (every 6 months)
ES 0.39 [0.19, 0.60]
2 studies · 381 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT vs alternative treatment

Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
This outcome was not measured (not synthesised for this comparison; review-wide only one study reported additional physical symptoms).
Studies not reported
No studies found

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF; 30% or 38%) vs No treatment or another non-invasive/minimally-invasive treatment (ART, sodium fluoride or silver-based varnish, or 12% SDF)

Caries arrest · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

SDF is effective in arresting caries progression in cavitated primary molars overall (pooled ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.26-0.40; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
Pooled across follow-up evaluations (1-36 months) · Pediatric dental care in hospital, community/school and outpatient settings (Saudi Arabia, China, India, Brazil, Spain)
ES 0.33 [0.26, 0.40]
5 studies · 1386 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Failure to induce clinical remission at end of study · of active and inactive people with ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes failure to induce clinical remission at end of study compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.29, 1.07]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low