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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary

current versions

No studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Peginterferon alpha‐2a vs peginterferon alpha‐2b Sustained virological response Absence of viraemia 24 weeks after the treatment · patients with chronic hepatitis C. Peginterferon alpha‐2a versus peginterferon alpha‐2b for chronic hepatitis C (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.12 [1.06, 1.18]	12 studies · 5013 participants	Moderate
Intervention vs control Selective bowel decontamination versus inactive control · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.91 [0.31, 2.72]	3 studies · 190 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) versus placebo · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.4, 3.17]	1 study · 194 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Selective bowel decontamination versus prebiotics with probiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 63 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Selective bowel decontamination versus prebiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 64 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Prebiotics with probiotics versus prebiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 129 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) versus placebo · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.24 [0.62, 2.47]	1 study · 194 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Selective bowel decontamination versus inactive control · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.85 [0.26, 2.85]	2 studies · 132 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Selective bowel decontamination versus prebiotics with probiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2.91 [0.12, 68.81]	1 study · 63 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Selective bowel decontamination versus prebiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.13, 71]	1 study · 64 participants	Very low
Intervention vs control Prebiotics with probiotics versus prebiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation. Methods of preventing bacterial sepsis and wound complications after liver transplantation (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.9]	2 studies · 129 participants	Very low
Low pressure vs standard pressure pneumoperitoneum Mortality · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	8 studies · 434 participants	Very low
Low pressure vs standard pressure pneumoperitoneum Serious adverse events · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.14, 65.9]	7 studies · 394 participants	Very low
Low pressure vs standard pressure pneumoperitoneum Conversion to open cholecystectomy · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [0.29, 4.72]	10 studies · 556 participants	Very low
Low pressure vs standard pressure pneumoperitoneum Hospital stay · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 415 participants	Very low
Low pressure vs standard pressure pneumoperitoneum Operating time · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	19 studies · 990 participants	Low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration Mortality · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 539 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Length of hospital stay · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 137 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Return to normal activity · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 137 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Pain 4 to 8 hours · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 39 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Pain 9 to 24 hours · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 39 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration before incision vs end of surgery Mortality · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 43 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration before incision vs end of surgery Serious adverse events · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 43 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration before incision vs end of surgery Pain 4 to 8 hours · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 76 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration before incision vs end of surgery Pain 9 to 24 hours · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration before incision vs end of surgery Return to normal activity · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 30 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration Serious adverse events · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	RR 2 [0.19, 21.59]	7 studies · 539 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration Proportion discharged as day surgery · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1.55 [1.05, 2.28]	1 study · 97 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration Length of hospital stay · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 327 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration Pain 4 to 8 hours · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	13 studies · 806 participants	Very low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration Pain 9 to 24 hours · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	12 studies · 756 participants	Low
Local anaesthetic wound infiltration vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration Return to normal activity · patients with people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 195 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Mortality · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 137 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 137 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Mortality · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 634 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Cosmetic score · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 317 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	RR 3.93 [0.86, 18.04]	7 studies · 634 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Quality of life · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 510 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Conversion to open cholecystectomy · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.68 [0.19, 2.35]	5 studies · 581 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Operating time · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 855 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Hospital stay · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 731 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Proportion discharged as day surgery · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.92 [0.7, 1.22]	1 study · 50 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Return to normal activity · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 325 participants	Very low
Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports Return to work · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 150 participants	Very low
Various interventions vs control Morbidity · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing… (2014) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.37, 1.53]	5 studies · 543 participants	Very low
Various interventions vs control Proportion discharged as day‐surgery · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing… (2014) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.74, 1.34]	1 study · 116 participants	Very low
Various interventions vs control Length of hospital stay · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing… (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 119 participants	Very low
Various interventions vs control Pain (4 to 8 hours) · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing… (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 999 participants	Very low
Various interventions vs control Pain (9 to 24 hours) · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing… (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 707 participants	Very low
Various interventions vs control Mortality · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing… (2014) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 123 participants	Very low