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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Drug‐eluting stents vs bare‐metal stents All‐cause mortality at maximum · People with acute coronary syndrome Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.03] | 21 studies · 11250 participants | Low |
Drug‐eluting stents vs bare‐metal stents Serious adverse events at maximum · People with acute coronary syndrome Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.74, 0.86] | 22 studies · 11724 participants | Low |
Drug‐eluting stents vs bare‐metal stents Major cardiovascular events at maximum · People with acute coronary syndrome Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.83, 1.11] | 19 studies · 10939 participants | Very low |
Drug‐eluting stents vs bare‐metal stents Quality of life at maximum · People with acute coronary syndrome Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Drug‐eluting stents vs bare‐metal stents Cardiovascular mortality at maximum · People with acute coronary syndrome Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.76, 1.09] | 14 studies · 9248 participants | Very low |
Drug‐eluting stents vs bare‐metal stents Myocardial infarction at maximum · People with acute coronary syndrome Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.18] | 18 studies · 10217 participants | Very low |
Drug‐eluting stents vs bare‐metal stents Angina at maximum · People with acute coronary syndrome Drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: warfarin vs aspirin All‐cause mortality · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.89, 1.13] | 4 studies · 3663 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: warfarin vs aspirin Non‐fatal cardiovascular events (non‐fatal stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial embolism) · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.63, 1] | 4 studies · 3663 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: warfarin vs aspirin Major bleeding events · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2 [1.44, 2.78] | 4 studies · 3663 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: warfarin vs clopidogrel All‐cause mortality · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.21] | 1 study · 1064 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: warfarin vs clopidogrel Non‐fatal cardiovascular events (non‐fatal stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial embolism) · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.5, 1.45] | 1 study · 1064 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: warfarin vs clopidogrel Major bleeding events · patients with heart failure with sinus rhythm Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.47 [1.24, 4.91] | 1 study · 1064 participants | Low |
Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Thromboembolic events · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.45, 0.74] | 18 studies · 7594 participants | Moderate |
self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.36, 0.84] | 8 studies · 3058 participants | Moderate |
self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Major haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.79, 1.47] | 13 studies · 3980 participants | Low |
self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Minor haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.47, 1.76] | 7 studies · 1862 participants | Low |
Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.01] | 11 studies · 6358 participants | Moderate |
Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Major haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.8, 1.12] | 20 studies · 8018 participants | Moderate |
Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Minor haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.67, 1.41] | 13 studies · 5365 participants | Low |
Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Thromboembolic events · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.49, 0.97] | 7 studies · 4097 participants | Moderate |
Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs standard care All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.15] | 3 studies · 3300 participants | Moderate |
Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Major haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.09] | 7 studies · 4038 participants | Low |
Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Minor haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.95, 1.42] | 6 studies · 3503 participants | Moderate |
self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs standard care Thromboembolic events · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication… Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.31, 0.7] | 11 studies · 3497 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs 'usual care' Medication adherence at ≤ 6 months · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.93 [1.29, 2.88] | 7 studies · 11204 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs 'usual care' Medication adherence at > 6 months · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.87 [1.91, 4.29] | 3 studies · 663 participants | High |
Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs 'usual care' Reduction in LDL‐C at ≤ 6 months (mg/dL) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 333 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs 'usual care' Reduction in total serum cholesterol at ≤ 6 months (mg/dL) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 430 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient care' vs 'usual care' Reduction in total serum cholesterol at > 6 mos (mg/dL) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications Interventions to improve adherence to lipid‐lowering medication (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 127 participants | High |
Routine invasive strategies vs selective invasive strategies (conservative) Death · participants with UA/NSTEMI in the stent era Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.64, 1.18] | 8 studies · 8915 participants | Low |
Routine invasive strategies vs selective invasive strategies (conservative) Myocardial infarction · participants with UA/NSTEMI in the stent era Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.63, 1] | 8 studies · 8915 participants | Moderate |
Routine invasive strategies vs selective invasive strategies (conservative) Death or non‐fatal Myocardial infarction · participants with UA/NSTEMI in the stent era Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.71, 1.2] | 7 studies · 7715 participants | Low |
Routine invasive strategies vs selective invasive strategies (conservative) Refractory angina · participants with UA/NSTEMI in the stent era Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.52, 0.79] | 5 studies · 8287 participants | Moderate |
Routine invasive strategies vs selective invasive strategies (conservative) Rehospitalisation · participants with UA/NSTEMI in the stent era Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.63, 0.94] | 6 studies · 6921 participants | Moderate |
Routine invasive strategies vs selective invasive strategies (conservative) Complications of angiography or revascularization Bleeding · participants with UA/NSTEMI in the stent era Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.73 [1.3, 2.31] | 6 studies · 7584 participants | Moderate |
Routine invasive strategies vs selective invasive strategies (conservative) Complications of angiography or revascularization Procedure‐related myocardial infarction · participants with UA/NSTEMI in the stent era Routine invasive strategies versus selective invasive strategies for unstable angina and non‐ST elevation… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.87 [1.47, 2.37] | 5 studies · 6380 participants | Moderate |
Oxygen vs air All‐cause mortality in hospital for participants with AMI · people with acute myocardial infarction Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.52, 1.98] | 4 studies · 871 participants | Very low |
Oxygen vs air All‐cause mortality in hospital for all participants (including those without confirmed AMI) · people with acute myocardial infarction Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.5, 1.95] | 4 studies · 1123 participants | Very low |
Oxygen vs air All‐cause mortality in hospital for all participants (including those without confirmed AMI) trials done in the revascularisation era · people with acute myocardial infarction Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.24, 1.39] | 3 studies · 923 participants | Low |
Oxygen vs air Opiate use (as a proxy measure for pain) for all participants on ITT (including those without confirmed AMI) · people with acute myocardial infarction Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.78, 1.2] | 2 studies · 250 participants | Low |
Oxygen vs air Recurrent myocardial infarction (or ischaemia) · people with acute myocardial infarction Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.94, 2.99] | 2 studies · 578 participants | Low |
Oxygen vs air Infarct size CK and other enzymes · people with acute myocardial infarction Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 2 participants | Low |
Oxygen vs air Infarct size by MRI (estimated 6 months after AMI) · people with acute myocardial infarction Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 2 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality (all cause) Long‐term · people with chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.21, 0.87] | 9 studies · 491 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Periprocedural adverse events · people with chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 34 studies · 1695 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Non‐fatal myocardial infarction Long‐term · people with chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.15, 0.97] | 5 studies · 345 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Rehospitalisation due to heart failure Long‐term · people with chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.36, 1.09] | 6 studies · 375 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Arrhythmias Long‐term · people with chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.18, 0.99] | 1 study · 82 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Composite MACE Long‐term · people with chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Stem cell therapy for chronic ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.38, 1.08] | 3 studies · 141 participants | Low |