Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,539 questions · 2,602 findings · 424 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 572 · 22%GRADE not reported 189 · 7.3%Very low 527 · 20.3%Low 685 · 26.3%Moderate 514 · 19.8%High 115 · 4.4%

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participants experiencing at least 1adverse event during longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical clonidine (TC) vs active comparators

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy

Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater during longest compared with active comparator (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate vs delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implants

Adverse effect: mean days of prolonged vaginal bleeding within 6 weeks postpartum · postpartum people who desire a contraceptive implant for contraception

Immediate may leads to higher adverse effect: mean days of prolonged vaginal bleeding within 6… compared with delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate vs delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implants

Adverse effects other than prolonged vaginal bleeding · postpartum people who desire a contraceptive implant for contraception

Immediate may leads to higher adverse effects other than prolonged vaginal bleeding compared with delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chronic DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP vs BMP plus placebo

Mortality ‐ intermediate and long term · people requiring treatment for chronic DVT

Chronic DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP showed no clear difference in mortality ‐ intermediate and long term compared with BMP plus placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Stem Cell vs placebo or control

Fistula closure in long‐term · Induction of Remission in Medically Refractory Crohn's Disease

Summary of findings table ‐ Stem Cell may leads to higher fistula closure in long‐term compared with placebo or Control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Long cephalomedullary nail (2 studies; 400 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with extracapsular hip fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes long cephalomedullary nail (2 studies; 400 participants)a (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Long cephalomedullary nail (2 studies; 400 participants)a · older adults (> 60 years of age) with extracapsular hip fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes long cephalomedullary nail (2 studies; 400 participants)a (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue plasminogen activator vs systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin

Cure: long‐term success · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue… changes cure: long‐term success compared with systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care

New initiation of renal replacement therapy – at longest available · people with AHF

Ultrafiltration (UF) showed no clear difference in new initiation of renal replacement therapy – at longest available compared with usual care (UC) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review