Dry eye symptoms, measured using the OSDI score (ranging from 0 to 100 units, with a reduction in scores indicating clinical improvement) at 1‐month (with actual · people with meibomian gland dysfunction
It is very uncertain whether IPL (with/without MGX) changes dry eye symptoms, measured using the SPEED score at 3 months of compared with sham or no treatment (with/without MGX) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
MD 0
Studies not reported
Very low
Incidence of adverse events at 3 months of · people with meibomian gland dysfunction
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Clinical signs—TBUT at 1 month (seconds) · people with meibomian gland dysfunction
IPL (with/without MGX) showed no clear difference in sodium fluorescein TBUT, measured in seconds, at 3 months of compared with sham or no treatment (with/without MGX) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
MD 2.02
Studies not reported
Low
NIBUT, measured in seconds, at 3 months of · people with meibomian gland dysfunction
It is very uncertain whether IPL (with/without MGX) changes NIBUT, measured in seconds, at 3 months of compared with sham or no treatment (with/without MGX) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
MD 5.5
Studies not reported
Very low
Tear osmolarity, measured in mOsmol/L, at 3 months of · people with meibomian gland dysfunction
IPL (with/without MGX) showed no clear difference in tear osmolarity, measured in mOsmol/L, at 3 months of compared with sham or no treatment (with/without MGX) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Meibomian gland orifice plugging, at 3 months of · people with meibomian gland dysfunction
It is very uncertain whether IPL (with/without MGX) changes meibomian gland orifice plugging, at 3 months of compared with sham or no treatment (with/without MGX) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Corneal sodium fluorescein staining, measured using a validated clinical scale, at 3 months of · people with meibomian gland dysfunction
It is very uncertain whether IPL (with/without MGX) changes corneal sodium fluorescein staining, measured using a validated… compared with sham or no treatment (with/without MGX) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Total mortality Mean duration of 3.8 years · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension
Antihypertensive drug leads to lower total mortality Mean duration of 3.8 years compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension
Antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cerebrovascular mortality + morbidity · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension
Antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower cerebrovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Coronary heart disease mortality + morbidity · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension
Antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 2.9… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension
Antihypertensive drug may leads to higher withdrawals due to adverse effects Mean duration of 4.6 years compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Topiramate leads to higher 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (ITT analysis) compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Seizure freedom · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Topiramate probably leads to higher seizure freedom compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment withdrawal · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Topiramate leads to higher treatment withdrawal compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ weight loss · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Topiramate may leads to higher adverse effects ‐ weight loss/decrease compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Paraesthesia · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Topiramate probably leads to higher adverse effects ‐ paraesthesia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects ‐ 'thinking abnormally' · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Topiramate leads to higher adverse effects ‐ 'thinking abnormally' compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects ‐ difficulty with concentration/concentration impaired/concentration‐attention difficulties · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Topiramate probably leads to higher adverse effects ‐ difficulty with concentration/concentration… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Annual rate of change in % predicted FEV1 All participants · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
1 finding from 1 review