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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,248 questions in 108 reviews · Stroke
current versionsNo studies 275 · 22%Ungraded 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Circuit class therapy vs other intervention Independence in mobility Functional ambulation classification. Indicates need for assistance/not to safely mobilise · people with stroke Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 469 participants | Moderate |
Circuit class therapy vs other intervention Physical ability Stroke Impact Scale. A self report of overall physical ability (subscale of total Impact) · people with stroke Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 437 participants | Low |
Circuit class therapy vs other intervention Adverse events (falls) from all available trials Counts of numbers of falls · people with stroke Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | RD 0.03 | 8 studies · 815 participants | Very low |
Virtual reality vs conventional therapy Upper limb function · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 1038 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs conventional therapy Quality of life · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 300 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs conventional therapy Gait speed · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 139 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs conventional therapy ADL outcome · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 466 participants | Moderate |
Virtual reality plus usual care vs usual care alone Upper limb function · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 210 participants | Low |
Virtual reality plus usual care vs usual care alone Quality of life ‐ not measured in any of the studies · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Virtual reality plus usual care vs usual care alone Gait speed · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 57 participants | Low |
Virtual reality plus usual care vs usual care alone Global motor function · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 43 participants | Low |
Virtual reality plus usual care vs usual care alone ADL outcome · people receiving stroke rehabilitation Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 153 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Proportion of stroke patients without clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder · stroke survivors with anxiety Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Proportion of stroke patients scoring outside anxiety range; or changes from baseline on an anxiety rating scale · stroke survivors with anxiety Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 196 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Co‐morbid depression · stroke survivors with anxiety Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 175 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Quality of life ‐ not reported · stroke survivors with anxiety Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Social activities ‐ not reported · stroke survivors with anxiety Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Activities of daily living · stroke survivors with anxiety Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Principal caregiver burden ‐ not reported · stroke survivors with anxiety Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life: Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) SIS measures quality of life across five domains: physical (strength, hand‐function, mobility, activities of daily living), emotion, memory, communication, social participation, plus 1 global question abo... · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life: Stroke‐specific QoL Scale (SS QoL) The Stroke‐specific QoL Scale measures quality of life across 12 domains (49 items): self‐care, vision, language, mobility, work, upper extremity, thinking, personality, mood, family, social, and... · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Balance: Berg Balance Scale (BBS) · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 69 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Gait: Comfortable Gait Speed (CGS) Gait measured over 7 metres (3 repetitions; average time calculated) Baseline and post‐intervention · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depression: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) A 15‐item self‐report assessment used to identify depression in the elderly. A yes/no response is required for each item (score 0 or 1). Cummulative score: 0‐4 normal, 5‐9 Mild depression, 10‐15 More ... · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anxiety: State Trait Anxiety (STAI‐Y1) A 40‐item, self‐report assessment of anxiety affect. State anxiety can be defined as fear, nervousness, discomfort, and the arousal of the autonomic nervous system induced temporarily by situations perceived ... · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anxiety: Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐Y2) A 40‐item, self‐report assessment of anxiety affect. Trait anxiety can be defined as a relatively enduring disposition to feel stress, worry, and discomfort. Score 20‐80; higher scores suggest higher leve... · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Disability: modified Rankin Scale (mRS) A measure of disability, with 6 categories: 0 (no symptoms), 1 (no significant disability), 2 (slight disability), 3 (moderate disability), 4 (moderately severe disability), 5 (severe disability), 6 (dead); ... · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events Post‐intervention · adults with stroke Yoga for stroke rehabilitation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (immediate outcome) Functional communication · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.28 [0.06, 0.49] | 10 studies · 376 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (follow‐up at 6 months) Expressive language: naming (6 months · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.07 | 3 studies · 111 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (follow‐up at 6 months) Number of dropouts (for any reason) · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.38, 1.39] | 6 studies · 322 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: SLT vs social support and stimulation Functional communication · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: SLT vs social support and stimulation Expressive language: naming · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 1.24 | 3 studies · 33 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: SLT vs social support and stimulation Number of dropouts for any reason · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.51 [0.32, 0.82] | 5 studies · 413 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: SLT A vs SLT B Functional communication · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | MD 11.75 [4.09, 19.4] | 2 studies · 84 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: SLT A vs SLT B Severity of impairment · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.38 [0.07, 0.69] | 5 studies · 187 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (immediate outcome) Receptive language: auditory comprehension · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.06 | 9 studies · 399 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (immediate outcome) Receptive language: reading comprehension · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.29 [0.03, 0.55] | 8 studies · 253 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (immediate outcome) Expressive language: naming · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.14 | 7 studies · 275 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (immediate outcome) Expressive language: general · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 1.28 [0.38, 2.19] | 7 studies · 248 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (immediate outcome) Expressive language: written · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.41 [0.14, 0.67] | 8 studies · 253 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (immediate outcome) Number of dropouts (for any reason) · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.64, 1.25] | 13 studies · 921 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (follow‐up at 6 months) Functional communication (6 months · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | SMD 0.19 | 2 studies · 111 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: SLT vs no SLT (follow‐up at 6 months) Receptive language: auditory comprehension (6 months · adults with aphasia following stroke Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke (2016) · Cochrane | MD 1.38 | 2 studies · 111 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Subjective memory measures (immediate outcome) · patients with memory deficits following stroke Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 215 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of life measures (long‐term outcome) · patients with memory deficits following stroke Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 134 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Subjective memory measures (long‐term outcome) · patients with memory deficits following stroke Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 149 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Objective memory measures (immediate outcome) ‐ comprehensive batteries · patients with memory deficits following stroke Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Objective memory measures (immediate outcome) ‐ verbal memory sub‐tests · patients with memory deficits following stroke Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 266 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Objective memory measures (long‐term outcome) ‐ comprehensive batteries · patients with memory deficits following stroke Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 49 participants | Low |