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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal
current versionsNo studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Chondroitin vs placebo Number of serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis Chondroitin for osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.19, 0.82] | 6 studies · 954 participants | Moderate |
Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo/control Pain (short‐ and long‐term) Scale from 0 to 100 mm (lower is better) · participants with osteoarthritis Chondroitin for osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 2262 participants | Low |
Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo/control WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months) dose ≥ 800 mg/d · participants with osteoarthritis Chondroitin for osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [1.01, 1.24] | 2 studies · 1253 participants | High |
Rituximab (2 x 1000 mg) plus methotrexate vs methotrexate monotherapy Clinical improvement American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria Analysis 1.2 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3.3 [2.3, 4.6] | 4 studies · 1165 participants | Moderate |
Rituximab (2 x 1000 mg) plus methotrexate vs methotrexate monotherapy Clinical remission (Disease Activity Score‐28 joint count < 2.6) (Scale from 2 to 10) Analysis 1.7 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 9.1 [0.76, 108.2] | 2 studies · 834 participants | Moderate |
Rituximab (2 x 1000 mg) plus methotrexate vs methotrexate monotherapy Physical function (HAQ‐DI MCID = ‐0.22) Analysis 1.10 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.2, 2.1] | 4 studies · 1161 participants | High |
Rituximab (2 x 1000 mg) plus methotrexate vs methotrexate monotherapy No radiographic progression in total Genant‐modified Sharp score (range 0 to 290) Analysis 1.21 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [1, 1.4] | 1 study · 476 participants | Moderate |
Rituximab (2 x 1000 mg) plus methotrexate vs methotrexate monotherapy Health‐related quality of life · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2 [1.1, 3.4] | 4 studies · 1526 participants | High |
Rituximab (2 x 1000 mg) plus methotrexate vs methotrexate monotherapy Discontinuations due to adverse events Analysis 6.3 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.1 [0.88, 4.9] | 5 studies · 1385 participants | Moderate |
Rituximab (2 x 1000 mg) plus methotrexate vs methotrexate monotherapy Serious adverse events Analysis 11.2 · patients with rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.69, 1.5] | 4 studies · 1280 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table 1: comparison of operation types: early results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Outcomesa · 125 hands in 121 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers for early outcomes (van Rijssen 2006) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table 2: comparison of operation types: late results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Recurrence at 5 years Major outcome group 4 (recurrence) Defined as reoperation or progressive angular deformity of 20 degrees in a successfully treated joint · 93 participants (van Rijssen 2012a) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 2: comparison of operation types: late results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Major outcome group 5 (adverse effects)d · 93 participants (van Rijssen 2012a) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table 3: comparison of operation types: firebreak skin grafting vs z‐plasty closure of fasciectomy PEM hand function score at 3 years Major outcome group 1 (hand function) (scores between 0 and 77, where 0 represents no impairment in hand function and 77 represents maximum impairment in hand function) · 79 participants (Ullah 2009) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 3: comparison of operation types: firebreak skin grafting vs z‐plasty closure of fasciectomy Major outcome group 2 (patient satisfaction and other PROM) · 79 participants (Ullah 2009) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table 3: comparison of operation types: firebreak skin grafting vs z‐plasty closure of fasciectomy Correction of MCPJ and PIPJ deformities at 2 weeks Major outcome group 3 (early angular outcomes) · 79 participants (Ullah 2009) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 3: comparison of operation types: firebreak skin grafting vs z‐plasty closure of fasciectomy Progressive contracture by 3 years Major outcome group 4 (recurrence) · 79 participants (Ullah 2009) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 3: comparison of operation types: firebreak skin grafting vs z‐plasty closure of fasciectomy Hypoaesthesia Major outcome group 5 (adverse effects) · 79 participants (Ullah 2009) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 4: refining rehabilitation: three months of postoperative night splinting with hand therapy vs hand therapy alone DASH hand function score at 3 months Major outcome group 1 (hand function) (scores between 0 and 100, where 0 represents no impairment in hand function and 100 represents maximum impairment in hand function) · 210 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers in 2 studies (225 digits reported across all studies) (Collis… Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 205 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 4: refining rehabilitation: three months of postoperative night splinting with hand therapy vs hand therapy alone Major outcome group 2 (patient satisfaction) · 210 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers in 2 studies (225 digits reported across all studies) (Collis… Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table 4: refining rehabilitation: three months of postoperative night splinting with hand therapy vs hand therapy alone Total active extension at 3 months Major outcome group 3 (early objective measurement) Total active extension (TAE) of MCPJ, PIPJ and DIPJ; higher value indicates loss of extension and a worse outcome · 210 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers in 2 studies (225 digits reported across all studies) (Collis… Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 225 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 1: comparison of operation types: early results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy DASH hand function score at 5 weeks Major outcome group 1 (hand function) (scores between 0 and 100, where 0 represents no impairment in hand function and 100 represents maximum impairment in hand function) · 125 hands in 121 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers for early outcomes (van Rijssen 2006) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 97 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 4: refining rehabilitation: three months of postoperative night splinting with hand therapy vs hand therapy alone Major outcome group 4 (recurrence) · 210 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers in 2 studies (225 digits reported across all studies) (Collis… Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table 4: refining rehabilitation: three months of postoperative night splinting with hand therapy vs hand therapy alone Total active flexion at three months Major outcome group 5 (adverse effects) Total active flexion (TAF) of MCPJ, PIPJ and DIPJ; lower value indicates loss of flexion and a worse outcome · 210 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers in 2 studies (225 digits reported across all studies) (Collis… Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 225 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 1: comparison of operation types: early results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Patient satisfaction at 6 weeks Major outcome group 2 (other PROM) (scores from "0 (no/very negative) to 10 (yes/very positive)") · 125 hands in 121 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers for early outcomes (van Rijssen 2006) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 121 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 1: comparison of operation types: early results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Early angular outcome at 6 weeks for Tubiana grade I disease (total passive extension deficit (TPED) of the MCPJ, PIPJ and DIPJ for preoperative contractures with a TPED of 0 to 45 degrees) Early angular outcome at 6 weeks for Tubiana grade II dis... · 125 hands in 121 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers for early outcomes (van Rijssen 2006) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 1: comparison of operation types: early results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Major outcome group 4 (recurrence) · 125 hands in 121 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers for early outcomes (van Rijssen 2006) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table 1: comparison of operation types: early results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Paraesthesia at 1 week Major outcome group 5 (adverse effects) Defined as "tingling sensations at any part of the treated digit without objective disturbance of sensation at the tip of the digit" per hand · 125 hands in 121 participants with Dupuytren's disease of the fingers for early outcomes (van Rijssen 2006) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 117 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 2: comparison of operation types: late results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy DASH hand function score at 5 years Major outcome group 1 (hand function) (scores between 0 and 100, where 0 represents no impairment in hand function and 100 represents maximum impairment in hand function) · 93 participants (van Rijssen 2012a) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table 2: comparison of operation types: late results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Patient satisfaction at 5 years Major outcome group 2 (other PROM) (scores between "1 (not at all), 10 (excellent)") · 93 participants (van Rijssen 2012a) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table 2: comparison of operation types: late results of needle fasciotomy vs limited fasciectomy Major outcome group 3 (early angular outcome)b · 93 participants (van Rijssen 2012a) Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain (at study completion) WOMAC (VAS or NRS) from 0 to 20; lower scores mean reduced pain · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 313 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Physical function (at study completion) WOMAC (self administered health status measure) from 0 to 68; lower scores mean better function · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 310 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of life (at study completion) EuroQol (VAS) from 0 to 200 mm; higher score means better function · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 214 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects (related to the exercise programs) · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.72 [0.51, 5.81] | 4 studies · 364 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Severe adverse events or withdrawals (due to adverse events) ‐ not reported · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance Pain ‐ duration exercise WOMAC (VAS or Likert) from 0 to 20 · People with knee or hip osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 200 participants | Very low |
Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance Pain ‐ resistance exercise WOMAC (VAS or Likert) from 0 to 20 · People with knee or hip osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 113 participants | Very low |
Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance Function ‐ duration exercise WOMAC from 0 to 68 · People with knee or hip osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 200 participants | Very low |
Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance Function ‐ resistance exercise WOMAC from 0 to 68 · People with knee or hip osteoarthritis High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 113 participants | Low |
Intervention NR AOS total (Pain & Physical function) AOS total score. Scale from: 0 to 100 (0 = being no pain/disability, 100 = worst imaginable pain/disability). · patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle Hyaluronic acid and other conservative treatment options for osteoarthritis of the ankle (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 45 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Radiographic Joint Structure Changes · patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle Hyaluronic acid and other conservative treatment options for osteoarthritis of the ankle (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Quality of Life SF12. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle Hyaluronic acid and other conservative treatment options for osteoarthritis of the ankle (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 45 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle Hyaluronic acid and other conservative treatment options for osteoarthritis of the ankle (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 109 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Number of participants experiencing any adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle Hyaluronic acid and other conservative treatment options for osteoarthritis of the ankle (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.66 [0.47, 5.88] | 3 studies · 109 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Participants who withdraw because of an adverse event or any other reason · patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle Hyaluronic acid and other conservative treatment options for osteoarthritis of the ankle (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 109 participants | Ungraded |
Traditional NSAIDs vs placebo Pain on VAS Scale from 0 to 100 mm (higher is worse) · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA) Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 850 participants | High |
COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo BASDAI Scale from 0 to 100 (higher is worse) · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA) Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 193 participants | Moderate |
COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo BASFI Scale from 0 to 100 (higher is worse) · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA) Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 349 participants | High |
COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo BASMI Scale from 0 to 10 (higher is worse) · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA) Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |