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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,080 questions in 109 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections
current versionsNo studies 132 · 12.2%Ungraded 90 · 8.3%Very low 169 · 15.6%Low 306 · 28.3%Moderate 287 · 26.6%High 96 · 8.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR X‐ray defined pneumonia, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.64, 0.85] | 4 studies · 104755 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinical pneumonia, ITT (random) ( · Children under two years of age Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined… (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.91, 0.98] | 4 studies · 104755 participants | Moderate |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Death · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 1496 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Death · patients treated for meningococcal meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 477 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries) Death · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 1301 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries) Death: high‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 510 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries) Death: Low/middle‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 791 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries) Deafness · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 501 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries) Deafness: high‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 380 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries) Deafness: low‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 121 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Deafness · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 501 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Culture positivity 10 to 48 hours start of treatment · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 442 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Diarrhoea · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 750 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Neutropenia · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 472 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Skin rash · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 533 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Treatment failure (either death or deafness) · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 1496 participants | Ungraded |
Cephalosporins vs conventional therapy Death · patients treated for H. influenzae meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 318 participants | Ungraded |
Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics Death · patients treated for S. pneumoniae meningitis Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis (2007) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 129 participants | Ungraded |
Antibiotic vs control ‐ primary outcomes Prevention ‐ any AOM or CSOM during intervention · patients with the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children (2006) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.53, 0.79] | 14 studies · 1461 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs control ‐ secondary outcomes Side effects ‐ any clinical side effects during intervention · patients with the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children (2006) · Cochrane | RR 1.99 [0.25, 15.89] | 12 studies · 817 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of ARTIs · children (age < 18 years) susceptible to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children (2006) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 35 studies · 4060 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Percent difference in ARTIs · children (age < 18 years) susceptible to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children (2006) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 35 studies · 4060 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events · children (age < 18 years) susceptible to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children (2006) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1457 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Incidence of skin adverse events · children (age < 18 years) susceptible to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children (2006) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1469 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality · children with measles Vitamin A for treating measles in children (2005) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.42, 1.15] | 8 studies · 2574 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pneumonia‐specific mortality · children with measles Vitamin A for treating measles in children (2005) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.24, 1.37] | 4 studies · 723 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Duration of pneumonia · children with measles Vitamin A for treating measles in children (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 249 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Duration of diarrhea in days · children with measles Vitamin A for treating measles in children (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 249 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Hospital stay in days · children with measles Vitamin A for treating measles in children (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 278 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Duration of fever in days · children with measles Vitamin A for treating measles in children (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 149 participants | Moderate |