Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,509 questions · 2,666 findings · 288 reviews

No studies found 743 · 27.9%GRADE not reported 327 · 12.3%Very low 775 · 29.1%Low 484 · 18.2%Moderate 279 · 10.5%High 58 · 2.2%

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Surgical site infection · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) changes number of surgical site infections (SSIs) before discharge compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the modified Blumgart technique vs duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the traditional interrupted technique

Rate of surgical reintervention · adults undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy

It is very uncertain whether duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the modified Blumgart… changes rate of surgical reintervention compared with duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the traditional… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the modified Blumgart technique vs duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the traditional interrupted technique

Overall rate of surgical complications · adults undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy

It is very uncertain whether duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the modified Blumgart… changes overall rate of surgical complications compared with duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy using the traditional… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duct‐to‐mucosa vs invagination pancreaticojejunostomy

Rate of surgical reintervention · adults undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy

It is very uncertain whether duct‐to‐mucosa changes rate of surgical reintervention compared with invagination pancreaticojejunostomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duct‐to‐mucosa vs invagination pancreaticojejunostomy

Overall rate of surgical complications · adults undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy

It is very uncertain whether duct‐to‐mucosa changes overall rate of surgical complications compared with invagination pancreaticojejunostomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Deep surgical site infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes deep surgical site infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate vs delayed postabortion insertion of contraceptive implants

Rate of initiation of contraceptive implants—following surgical abortion at · women who experienced abortions and requested a reversible contraceptive method

Immediate may leads to higher rate of initiation of contraceptive implants—following surgical… compared with delayed postabortion insertion of contraceptive implants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection

Additional surgical procedure, including vitrectomy and cataract surgery. · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery

Vitrectomy showed no clear difference in additional surgical procedure, including vitrectomy and cataract… compared with vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Infectious complications · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… may leads to lower postsurgical infectious complications compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clopidogrel vs placebo

Number of related surgical or radiological interventions · people with ESRD receiving haemodialysis through an arteriovenous fistula

Clopidogrel showed no clear difference in number of related surgical or radiological interventions (42 days) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review