What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Management strategies for pancreatic pseudocysts 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes major adverse effects ‐ Neutropenia (very low certainty).

• Hydroxyurea for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemias 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 9.93 [1.34, 73.67]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes major adverse effects ‐ Thrombocytopenia (very low certainty).

• Hydroxyurea for reducing blood transfusion in non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemias 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.68 [1.12, 12.07]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Prophylactic antibiotics or G(M)‐CSF for the prevention of infections and improvement of survival in cancer patients… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes incidence of febrile neutropenia (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotics or G(M)‐CSF for the prevention of infections and improvement of survival in cancer patients… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.53, 2.84]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Ruxolitinib vs best available therapy

Ruxolitinib showed no clear difference in safety (AE, adverse drug reaction): thrombocytopenia Grades 3 or 4… compared with best available therapy (low certainty).

• Janus kinase‐1 and Janus kinase‐2 inhibitors for treating myelofibrosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [0.44, 3.28]
  1 study · 219 participants
  Low

Ruxolitinib vs placebo

Ruxolitinib may leads to higher safety (AE, adverse drug reaction): thrombocytopenia Grades 3 or 4… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Janus kinase‐1 and Janus kinase‐2 inhibitors for treating myelofibrosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 9.74 [2.32, 40.96]
  1 study · 306 participants
  Low

Ruxolitinib vs placebo

Ruxolitinib may leads to higher safety (AE, adverse drug reaction): neutropenia Grades 3 or 4… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Janus kinase‐1 and Janus kinase‐2 inhibitors for treating myelofibrosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.57 [1.02, 12.55]
  1 study · 306 participants
  Low

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Non‐platinum therapies may leads to higher grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐… compared with platinum combination (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.59
  9 studies · 1260 participants
  Low

Non‐platinum single‐agent vs non‐platinum combination treatment

Non‐platinum single‐agent may leads to higher grade 3 and 4 hematological adverse events (AE) ‐ neutropenia compared with non‐platinum combination treatment (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19
  5 studies · 1064 participants
  Low

Non‐platinum single‐agent vs non‐platinum combination treatment

It is very uncertain whether non‐platinum single‐agent changes grade 3 and 4 hematological adverse events (AE) ‐ thrombocytopenia compared with non‐platinum combination treatment (very low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.58
  4 studies · 995 participants
  Very low

Rapid COJEC vs standard induction therapies

• Rapid COJEC versus standard induction therapies for high‐risk neuroblastoma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 248 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher the proportion of patients with lymphopenia at two years (moderate certainty).

• Dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.69 [2.4, 13.46]
  2 studies · 1540 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in side effects: Thrombocytopenia after catheter insertion (low certainty).

• Heparin‐bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.38, 1.39]
  2 studies · 287 participants
  Low

Low‐pressure vs standard pressure pneumoperitoneum

It is very uncertain whether low pressure changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (very low certainty).

• Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.29, 4.72]
  10 studies · 556 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

It is very uncertain whether fewer‐than‐four ports changes conversion to open cholecystectomy compared with four ports (very low certainty).

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.19, 2.35]
  5 studies · 581 participants
  Very low

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational vs intravenous

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational may leads to higher nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane +… compared with intravenous (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus inhalational anaesthesia for paediatric outpatient surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.23 [1.49, 7.02]
  4 studies · 176 participants
  Low
• Intravenous versus inhalational anaesthesia for paediatric outpatient surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 7.44 [2.6, 21.26]
  2 studies · 87 participants
  Low

Transbuccal miniplate combined with intraoral approach vs Intraoral approach alone

• Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months · Angle of mandible only
  Persistent malocclusion was minimal, reported in one participant in each group at the 3-month follow-up. Mean interincisor mouth opening at 3 months 37.68 mm (range 17 to 50) combined approach vs 38.19 mm (range 22 to…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Folic acid vs placebo

Folic acid showed no clear difference in haematological disorders (incidence of neutropenia, etc) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [0.42, 6.96]
  2 studies · 443 participants
  Low

Folinic acid vs placebo

Folinic acid showed no clear difference in haematological disorders (neutropenia, etc) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.46 [0.25, 8.59]
  1 study · 278 participants
  Low