Function/disability 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less disability) · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain (medium term): using VAS (range 0 to 10); higher values indicate worse pain · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
QOL (physical subscale): postintervention Higher score equals better QOL. · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
QOL (psychosocial subscale): postintervention Higher score equals better QOL. · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Activity limitations · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment success rate · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of pain · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup (irritable bowel syndrome) Different measures were used to assess improvement in pain, as above. · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in pain was defined and measured differently in the 2 included studies: using a "stomach ache diary" and the Faces Pain Scale (Bieri 1990). · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Fibre showed no clear difference in improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain duration (mean pain duration, assessed at 4 weeks) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
It is very uncertain whether antispasmodics changes pain duration (mean pain duration, assessed at 4 weeks) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain improvement (clinician judged, assessed at 2 weeks) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
It is very uncertain whether antispasmodics changes pain improvement (clinician judged, assessed at 2 weeks) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain episodes · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
It is very uncertain whether antispasmodics changes pain frequency (episodes of pain in 4 weeks, assessed after 4 weeks) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain improvement (self reported response to treatment, assessed at 4 weeks) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Antispasmodics showed no clear difference in pain improvement (self reported response to treatment, assessed at 4… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Activity Gross motor function · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
1 finding from 1 review
Activity Gait speed · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
1 finding from 1 review