Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

625 questions · 659 findings · 70 reviews

No studies found 129 · 19.6%GRADE not reported 71 · 10.8%Very low 210 · 31.9%Low 170 · 25.8%Moderate 79 · 12%High 0 · 0%

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (combined time points) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… showed no clear difference in global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (combined time points) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… changes adverse events ‐ participants with at least one adverse event ‐ < 12… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies vs prison therapeutic community

Arrested for any crime at 6 months · summary findings of female review

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested for any crime at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies vs prison therapeutic community

Arrested (not parole violation) at 6 months · summary findings of female review

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested (not parole violation) at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs treatment

Incarceration at 3 months · summary findings of female review

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and standard therapy changes incarceration at 3 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY + MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING vs usual care

Lost to treatment · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

Cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Lost to treatment compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY + MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING vs usual care

Adverse event: Death · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

Cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing showed no clear difference in adverse event: Death compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY + MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING vs usual care

Relapse · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing changes relapse:* Relapse at 3 months after 9 months of treatment compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review