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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,248 questions in 108 reviews · Stroke
current versionsNo studies 275 · 22%Ungraded 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Number of steps per day (x 1000) at end of intervention (< 6 months post‐stroke) · increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 83 participants | Very low |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Time spent in MVPA (minutes) at the end of the intervention (< 6 months post‐stroke) ‐ not reported · increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Sedentary time (minutes) at the end of the intervention (< 6 months post‐stroke) ‐ not reported · increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Activity monitor plus other intervention vs other intervention alone Time spent on light intensity physical activity (minutes) at the end of the intervention (< 6 months post‐stroke) (Time spent on light intensity physical activity (minutes) ) · increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors during inpatient rehabilitation Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin Death from all causes during treatment (range 6 days to 16 days) · acute ischaemic stroke Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.78, 1.46] | 8 studies · 3102 participants | Low |
Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin Death from all causes during · acute ischaemic stroke Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.79, 1.23] | 8 studies · 3102 participants | Low |
Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin Deep vein thrombosis during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days) · acute ischaemic stroke Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.55 [0.44, 0.7] | 7 studies · 2585 participants | Low |
Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin Pulmonary embolism during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days) · acute ischaemic stroke Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.57 [0.23, 1.41] | 6 studies · 1250 participants | Low |
Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage/haemorrhagic transformation of the cerebral infarct during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days)⁹ · acute ischaemic stroke Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.35, 1.54] | 8 studies · 3102 participants | Low |
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN Death or dependency (mRS>2), end of trial (90 days) · people with acute stroke Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.86, 1.1] | 5 studies · 4195 participants | High |
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN Death, end of trial (90 days) · people with acute stroke Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.4, 1.5] | 5 studies · 4197 participants | High |
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN Quality of life, end of trial (90 days) · people with acute stroke Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 4088 participants | High |
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN Systolic BP, first treatment measurement (<24 hours after randomisation) · people with acute stroke Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 4197 participants | High |
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN Diastolic BP, first treatment measurement (<24 hours after randomisation) · people with acute stroke Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 4197 participants | High |
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN Heart rate, first treatment measurement (<24 hours after randomisation) · people with acute stroke Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 4197 participants | High |
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN Adverse event: Headache, on treatment (7‐12 days) · people with acute stroke Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.37 [1.55, 3.62] | 5 studies · 4186 participants | High |
Intervention NR Death or dependency at end of scheduled · people with stroke Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.67, 0.95] | 16 studies · 2359 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death at end of scheduled · people with stroke Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.77, 1.4] | 16 studies · 2116 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death or institution care at end of scheduled · people with stroke Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.59, 0.96] | 12 studies · 1664 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Extended activities of daily living (EADL) score at end of scheduled · people with stroke Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | SMD 0.14 [0.03, 0.25] | 11 studies · 1262 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Satisfaction with services at end of scheduled · people with stroke Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.6 [1.08, 2.38] | 5 studies · 513 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Length of initial hospital stay (days) · people with stroke Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 2161 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Readmission to hospital at end of scheduled · people with stroke Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.09 [0.79, 1.51] | 6 studies · 784 participants | Low |
Dysarthria intervention vs another intervention, attention control, placebo or no intervention Dysarthria intervention versus any control: persisting effects, activity level · adults with dysarthria following stroke or other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury Interventions for dysarthria due to stroke and other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Dysarthria intervention vs another intervention, attention control, placebo or no intervention Dysarthria intervention versus any control: persisting effects, impairment level · adults with dysarthria following stroke or other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury Interventions for dysarthria due to stroke and other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 56 participants | Very low |
Dysarthria intervention vs another intervention, attention control, placebo or no intervention Dysarthria intervention versus any control: persisting effects, participation level · adults with dysarthria following stroke or other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury Interventions for dysarthria due to stroke and other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 79 participants | Low |
Dysarthria intervention vs another intervention, attention control, placebo or no intervention Dysarthria intervention versus any control for stroke subgroup: persisting effects, activity level · adults with dysarthria following stroke or other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury Interventions for dysarthria due to stroke and other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Dysarthria intervention vs another intervention, attention control, placebo or no intervention Dysarthria intervention versus any control: immediate effects, activity level · adults with dysarthria following stroke or other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury Interventions for dysarthria due to stroke and other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 117 participants | Very low |
Dysarthria intervention vs another intervention, attention control, placebo or no intervention Dysarthria intervention versus any control: immediate effects, impairment level · adults with dysarthria following stroke or other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury Interventions for dysarthria due to stroke and other adult‐acquired, non‐progressive brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 99 participants | Very low |
Treadmill (with or without body weight support) vs other intervention Dropouts ‐ by end of treatment Numbers of dropouts and adverse events · adults who had suffered a stroke and exhibited an abnormal gait pattern Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 56 studies · 3105 participants | Low |
Treadmill (with or without body weight support) vs other intervention Walking speed (m/s) at end of treatment timed measures of gait · adults who had suffered a stroke and exhibited an abnormal gait pattern Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 47 studies · 2323 participants | Moderate |
Treadmill (with or without body weight support) vs other intervention Walking speed (m/s) at end of treatment ‐ dependent in walking at start of treatment timed measures of gait · adults who had suffered a stroke and exhibited an abnormal gait pattern Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 752 participants | Low |
Treadmill (with or without body weight support) vs other intervention Walking speed (m/s) at end of treatment ‐ independent in walking at start of treatment timed measures of gait · adults who had suffered a stroke and exhibited an abnormal gait pattern Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 38 studies · 1571 participants | Low |
Treadmill (with or without body weight support) vs other intervention Walking endurance (m) at end of treatment timed measures of gait · adults who had suffered a stroke and exhibited an abnormal gait pattern Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 28 studies · 1680 participants | Moderate |
Treadmill (with or without body weight support) vs other intervention Walking endurance (m) at end of treatment ‐ dependent in walking at start of treatment timed measures of gait · adults who had suffered a stroke and exhibited an abnormal gait pattern Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 639 participants | Low |
Treadmill (with or without body weight support) vs other intervention Walking endurance (m) at end of treatment ‐ independent in walking at start of treatment timed measures of gait · adults who had suffered a stroke and exhibited an abnormal gait pattern Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 1041 participants | Low |
Occupational therapy vs usual or no care Activities of daily living at end of scheduled · adults with stroke Occupational therapy for adults with problems in activities of daily living after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 749 participants | Low |
Occupational therapy vs usual or no care Odds of death or a poor outcome at end of scheduled · adults with stroke Occupational therapy for adults with problems in activities of daily living after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.71 [0.52, 0.96] | 5 studies · 771 participants | Low |
Occupational therapy vs usual or no care Extended Activities of Daily Livingat end of scheduled · adults with stroke Occupational therapy for adults with problems in activities of daily living after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 665 participants | Low |
Occupational therapy vs usual or no care Mood or distress scoresMeasures of mood or distress · adults with stroke Occupational therapy for adults with problems in activities of daily living after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 519 participants | Low |
Music vs standard care Gait velocity · acquired brain injury Music interventions for acquired brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 268 participants | Moderate |
Music vs standard care Stride length (affected side) · acquired brain injury Music interventions for acquired brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 129 participants | Moderate |
Music vs standard care Gait cadence · acquired brain injury Music interventions for acquired brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Music vs standard care Stride symmetry · acquired brain injury Music interventions for acquired brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 139 participants | Low |
Music vs standard care General upper extremity functioning · acquired brain injury Music interventions for acquired brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 194 participants | Very low |
Music vs standard care Overall communication · acquired brain injury Music interventions for acquired brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 67 participants | Very low |
Music vs standard care Quality of life · acquired brain injury Music interventions for acquired brain injury (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 53 participants | Low |
Circuit class therapy vs other intervention Walking capacity: 6mWT Continous measure of distance walked in 6 minutes in m · people with stroke Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 835 participants | Moderate |
Circuit class therapy vs other intervention Walking speed Continuous measure of walking speed measured over a short distance in m/s · people with stroke Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 744 participants | Moderate |
Circuit class therapy vs other intervention Balance and mobility Timed up and go test. Standing up, walking, returning to sit down in seconds · people with stroke Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 488 participants | Low |