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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR CIBIC‐Plus (change from baseline at 26 weeks) Scale: 1 to 7 (1 = very much improved, 4 = no change, 7 = very much worse) · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 183 participants | Low |
Intervention NR publication bias · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR ADAS‐Cog Scale from: 1 to 70 (higher scores represent worse performance) · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1243 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MMSE Scale from: 0 to 30 (higher scores represent better performance) · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1243 participants | Low |
Intervention NR ADCS‐ADL Scale from: 0 to 54 (higher scores represent better performance) · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1243 participants | Low |
Intervention NR NPI Scale from: 0 to 144 (higher scores represent worse performance) · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1243 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.14] | 4 studies · 1034 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.55, 1.35] | 4 studies · 1034 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Total dropouts · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.65, 1.27] | 4 studies · 1034 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Dropouts due to adverse events · patients with Alzheimer's disease Latrepirdine for Alzheimer's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.57, 1.67] | 3 studies · 1010 participants | Moderate |
Respite care vs no respite care Rate of institutionalisation · patients with people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs polarity therapy Physical health of people with dementia ‐ not reported · people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs polarity therapy Quality of life of people with dementia ‐ not reported · people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs polarity therapy Caregiver burden ‐ not reported · people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs polarity therapy Caregiver psychological stress and health Various scales · people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Respite care vs polarity therapy Caregiver quality of life Quality of Life ‐ AD (Caregiver version) · people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Respite care vs no respite care Mortality of people with dementia ‐ not reported · patients with people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs no respite care Physical health of people with dementia ‐ not reported · patients with people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs no respite care Quality of life of people with dementia ‐ not reported · patients with people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs no respite care Caregiver Burden Zarit's Caregiver Burden Scale · patients with people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Respite care vs no respite care Caregiver psychological stress and health Various scales · patients with people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Respite care vs no respite care Caregiver quality of life ‐ not reported · patients with people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs polarity therapy Rate of institutionalisation ‐ not reported · people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respite care vs polarity therapy Mortality of people with dementia ‐ not reported · people with dementia and their carers Respite care for people with dementia and their carers (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Statins vs placebo Change in ADAS‐Cog Statins for the treatment of dementia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1110 participants | High |
Statins vs placebo Change in MMSE Statins for the treatment of dementia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1127 participants | High |
Statins vs placebo Change in CGIC Statins for the treatment of dementia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 660 participants | High |
Statins vs placebo Change in NPI Statins for the treatment of dementia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 983 participants | High |
Intervention NR Depressive symptoms · informal carers of people with dementia Efficacy and experiences of telephone counselling for informal carers of people with dementia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 163 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Burden · informal carers of people with dementia Efficacy and experiences of telephone counselling for informal carers of people with dementia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 165 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Support · informal carers of people with dementia Efficacy and experiences of telephone counselling for informal carers of people with dementia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 67 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control Change in a global measure of cognition MMSE, ADAS‐Cog, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 173 participants | Low |
Cognitive rehabilitation vs control Change in participant's mood (Depression, self‐reported) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | High |
Cognitive rehabilitation vs control Change in rates of admission to residential care－not measured · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive rehabilitation vs control Change in measures of dementia severity－not measured · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive rehabilitation vs control Change in self‐reported mood (Depression－caregiver) · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | High |
Cognitive training vs control Change in participant's capacity for activities of daily living (Caregiver reported) · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 107 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control Change in participant's mood (self‐reported) · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 114 participants | Moderate |
Cognitive training vs control Change in rates of admission to residential care－not measured · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive training vs control Change in measures of dementia severity－not measured · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive training vs control Change in immediate verbal memory scores · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 201 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control Change in self‐reported burden of care · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 80 participants | Moderate |
Cognitive rehabilitation vs control Change in a global measure of cognition－not measured · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive rehabilitation vs control Change in participant's self‐reported performance in relation to individual goals (COPM Performance, self‐reported) Canadian Occupational Performance Measure · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | High |
procaine vs placebo cognitive function improvement in "healthy" elderly persons Wechsler's memory scale2 · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 12.71 [3.81, 42.42] | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
procaine vs placebo cognitive function improvement in demented women Wechsler's memory scale2 · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 0.04 [0, 1.12] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
procaine vs placebo overall changes from baseline in "healthy persons7 ‐ not measured · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
procaine vs placebo overall changes from baseline in demented women · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 0.04 [0, 0.83] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
procaine vs placebo total adverse events in "healthy" persons · "healthy" old persons and demented women Procaine treatments for cognition and dementia (2008) · Cochrane | OR 7.3 [2.13, 25.02] | 2 studies · 415 participants | Low |