What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes meropenem plus daptomycin (No direct RCT) (very low certainty).

• Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with decompensated liver cirrhosis: a network… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.64 [0.05, 6.13]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Azathioprine vs mycophenolate

Azathioprine (AZA) may leads to higher leucopenia compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (low certainty).

• Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.61 [1.68, 18.72]
  3 studies · 412 participants
  Low

CST vs control

• Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 796 participants
  Very low

Low molecular weight heparin vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) probably leads to higher thrombocytopenia (up to 3 months)n compared with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (moderate certainty).

• Anticoagulation for people with cancer and central venous catheters 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.69 [1.2, 2.39]
  2 studies · 327 participants
  Moderate

Low molecular weight heparin vs no LMWH

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) showed no clear difference in thrombocytopenia (up to 3 months) compared with no LMWH (low certainty).

• Anticoagulation for people with cancer and central venous catheters 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.8, 1.33]
  4 studies · 1002 participants
  Low

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low molecular weight heparin vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis

Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in thrombocytopenia (main analysis‐ active cancer) compared with vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.52, 1.69]
  1 study · 138 participants
  Low

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to lower neutropenia compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]
  4 studies · 1857 participants
  High

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib leads to lower febrile neutropenia compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.12 [0.06, 0.23]
  3 studies · 1768 participants
  High

Prosthetic mesh placement vs usual care

Prosthetic mesh placement probably leads to lower subgroup analysis:Incidence of parastomal hernia (open surgery) ( compared with standard treatment (moderate certainty).

• Prosthetic mesh placement for the prevention of parastomal herniation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.34, 0.62]
  6 studies · 517 participants
  Moderate

LMWH prophylaxis vs UFH

LMWH prophylaxis showed no clear difference in thrombocytopenia compared with UFH prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

• Anticoagulation for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.07 [0.32, 29.33]
  2 studies · 683 participants
  Moderate

LMWH prophylaxis vs fondaparinux prophylaxis

LMWH prophylaxis showed no clear difference in thrombocytopenia compared with fondaparinux prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Anticoagulation for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.35 [0.04, 3.3]
  1 study · 282 participants
  Low

Moxibustion vs no treatment

Moxibustion showed no clear difference in the incidence and severity of toxicities: leukopenia (WHO grade 3 to… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Moxibustion for alleviating side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.1, 2.56]
  1 study · 72 participants
  Low

Moxibustion + conventional treatment vs Western medicine

Moxibustion + conventional treatment showed no clear difference in the incidence and severity of toxicities: leukopenia (WHO grade 3 to… compared with conventional medicine alone (low certainty).

• Moxibustion for alleviating side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.64]
  1 study · 56 participants
  Low

Cyclophosphamide vs mycophenolate

Cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in adverse events: thrombocytopenia 12‐month compared with mycophenolate (low certainty).

• Cyclophosphamide for connective tissue disease–associated interstitial lung disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0.03 [0, 0.06]
  2 studies · 300 participants
  Low

Cyclophosphamide vs mycophenolate

Cyclophosphamide may leads to higher adverse events: leukopenia 12‐month compared with mycophenolate (low certainty).

• Cyclophosphamide for connective tissue disease–associated interstitial lung disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 6.86 [3.23, 14.58]
  2 studies · 300 participants
  Low

Mesh vs non‐mesh repair

• Mesh versus non‐mesh for inguinal and femoral hernia repair 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1680 participants
  Low

Gemcitabine plus mitomycin C vs capecitabine plus mitomycin C

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine plus mitomycin C changes grade 1 ‐ 4 thrombocytopenia compared with capecitabine plus mitomycin C (very low certainty).

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.29, 1.06]
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher leukopenia** grade 3 or 4 (safety population) (moderate certainty).

• Platinum‐containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38
  22 studies · 3176 participants
  Moderate

Heparin prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Heparin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in thrombocytopenia compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

• Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.37, 1.27]
  12 studies · 5832 participants
  Moderate