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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,087 questions · 2,360 findings · 390 reviews

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No studies found 224 · 9.5%GRADE not reported 603 · 25.6%Very low 555 · 23.5%Low 548 · 23.2%Moderate 312 · 13.2%High 118 · 5%

Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

Pooled ECC prevalence in Tunisia was 38% (95% CI 24-51), significantly lower than Egypt and Sudan.

10 findings from 1 review
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Higher parental education (tertiary) vs Lower parental education (reference)

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

Paternal tertiary education was associated with lower odds of ECC (OR 0.381).

3 findings from 1 review

Secondary (passive/secondhand) smoking exposure during childhood vs No secondary smoking exposure

Caries prevalence (early childhood caries) · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years)

Preschool children exposed to secondary smoking have higher odds of caries prevalence (OR 1.77), but the cross-sectional evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Brushing vs Brushing less than daily

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

Brushing twice daily was associated with lower odds of ECC (OR 0.033).

2 findings from 1 review

Sugar consumption (higher sugar intake) vs No sugar consumption (lower/no intake)

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)

Higher sugar consumption is associated with early childhood caries in children under 6 years: pooled OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.50 to 1.68) from 9 cohort studies with no heterogeneity (I2=0%); the body of evidence was not GRADE-rated (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Older child age (months) vs Younger age (reference)

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

Age 48-59 months was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 2.602).

2 findings from 1 review

Timing of first dental visit vs Reference visit timing

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

An early first dental visit was associated with much lower odds of ECC (OR 0.042).

2 findings from 1 review

Secondary (passive/secondhand) smoking exposure during childhood vs No secondary smoking exposure

Early childhood caries (ECC) - incidence/risk · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years)

Children exposed to secondary smoking from infancy have a higher incidence of early childhood caries by age 3 (RR 1.45; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review