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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,000 questions in 69 reviews · Urology
current versionsNo studies 196 · 19.6%Ungraded 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy Breast pain · men with advanced prostate cancer Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 22.97 [14.79, 35.67] | 8 studies · 2670 participants | Moderate |
Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy Gynaecomastia · men with advanced prostate cancer Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 8.43 [3.19, 22.28] | 9 studies · 2774 participants | Moderate |
Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy Hot flashes · men with advanced prostate cancer Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or… (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.19, 0.27] | 9 studies · 2774 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Outcomes1 · adult male patients Screening for prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · adult male patients Screening for prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.96, 1.03] | 4 studies · 294856 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Prostate cancer‐specific mortality · adult male patients Screening for prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.86, 1.17] | 5 studies · 341342 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Prostate cancer diagnosis · adult male patients Screening for prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [1.02, 1.65] | 4 studies · 294856 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Tumour stage (localised T1‐T2, N0, M0) · adult male patients Screening for prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.19, 2.7] | 3 studies · 247954 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Tumour stage (advanced T3‐4, N1, M1) · adult male patients Screening for prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.73, 0.87] | 3 studies · 247954 participants | Moderate |
Psychosocial interventions vs usual care General health–related quality of life: physical component at end of intervention · patients with prostate cancer Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1414 participants | Low |
Psychosocial interventions vs usual care General health–related quality of life: mental component at end of intervention · patients with prostate cancer Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1416 participants | Moderate |
Psychosocial interventions vs usual care Self‐efficacy at end of intervention · patients with prostate cancer Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 337 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial interventions vs usual care Prostate cancer knowledge at end of intervention · patients with prostate cancer Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 506 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial interventions vs usual care Uncertainty at end of intervention · patients with prostate cancer Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 916 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial interventions vs usual care Distress at end of intervention · patients with prostate cancer Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 916 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial interventions vs usual care Depression at end of intervention · patients with prostate cancer Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 434 participants | Very low |
Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin Microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.81, 1.71] | 2 studies · 669 participants | Very low |
Ciprofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.75, 1.08] | 3 studies · 851 participants | Very low |
Ciprofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.2] | 3 studies · 851 participants | Very low |
Ciprofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.95, 1.42] | 3 studies · 967 participants | Moderate |
Levofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.84, 1.48] | 3 studies · 758 participants | Very low |
Levofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Levofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Levofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.72, 1.08] | 3 studies · 874 participants | Moderate |
Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.93, 1.46] | 2 studies · 669 participants | Low |
Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.86, 1.55] | 2 studies · 669 participants | Very low |
Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.06] | 2 studies · 785 participants | Moderate |
Lomefloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication at · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.8, 1.16] | 2 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Lomefloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Lomefloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Lomefloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.34, 1.21] | 2 studies · 215 participants | Moderate |
Ciprofloxacin vs comparator fluoroquinolone Microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication at end of treatment · patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.7, 1.18] | 3 studies · 851 participants | Very low |
Antibiotic vs placebo Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.15, 0.42] | 8 studies · 870 participants | Moderate |
Short course vs long course treatment Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 4.14 [0.47, 36.46] | 2 studies · 366 participants | Low |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [1.18, 3.33] | 4 studies · 944 participants | Moderate |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.84 [0.99, 8.16] | 4 studies · 652 participants | Low |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.68] | 5 studies · 1312 participants | Moderate |
Single dose vs multiple dose antibiotic Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 3.1 [0.64, 15.06] | 3 studies · 441 participants | Low |
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.06, 1.93] | 3 studies · 354 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [0.24, 13.45] | 3 studies · 522 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.27, 2.7] | 3 studies · 508 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.8 [0.24, 13.45] | 2 studies · 407 participants | Low |
Antibiotic vs placebo Bacteremia · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.49, 0.92] | 6 studies · 494 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.23, 0.64] | 9 studies · 820 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.22, 0.62] | 5 studies · 1077 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.03, 0.55] | 3 studies · 650 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic vs placebo Adverse event · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.23, 11.56] | 2 studies · 127 participants | Low |
Short course vs long course treatment Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.09 [1.17, 3.73] | 3 studies · 869 participants | Moderate |
Short course vs long course treatment Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.84 [0.99, 8.16] | 4 studies · 652 participants | Moderate |
Short course vs long course treatment UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.68] | 5 studies · 1312 participants | Moderate |