What do systematic reviews say?

Any prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

It is very uncertain whether any prophylaxis changes adverse effects compared with no prophylaxis (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing ophthalmia neonatorum 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.93
  1993 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) may leads to lower all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.35, 0.93]
  6 studies · 416 participants
  Low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes chronic lung disease compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.45, 5.05]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes severe intraventricular haemorrhage compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.28, 2.03]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes periventricular leukomalacia compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.1, 2.63]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) showed no clear difference in length of hospital stay (LOS) in days compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 157 participants
  Low

Any orthodontic and/or surgical treatment for Angle Class III malocclusion vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for adults with prominent lower front teeth 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No included study measured the planned primary outcome. Discussion: 'The primary outcome proposed for this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for prognathism, but none of the studies conclusively…
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 547 participants
  Moderate
• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 227 participants
  Low
• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 164 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 192 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 56 participants
  Moderate

Manual therapy, prescribed exercises or both vs no intervention or minimal intervention

It is very uncertain whether manual therapy, prescribed exercises or both changes proportion with any adverse event compared with minimal or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Manual therapy and exercise for lateral elbow pain 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.69 [0.98, 13.97]
  6 studies · 457 participants
  Very low

Telerehabilitation vs self‐training

It is very uncertain whether telerehabilitation changes technical difficulties with the intervention at 6 months compared with self‐training (very low certainty).

• Telerehabilitation for people with low vision 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.17 [0.26, 103.18]
  1 study · 57 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care changes withdrawals due to any reason compared with another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus… (very low certainty).

• Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.13, 5.94]
  7 studies · 317 participants
  Very low

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants changes depression response (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) compared with any other pharmacological intervention (very low certainty).

• Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.76, 1.27]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants changes depression remission (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) compared with any other pharmacological intervention (very low certainty).

• Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.68, 1.41]
  Studies not reported
  Very low
• Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention

• Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention

• Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low