Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

Any field or review title

Field or topic

Source

Review versions

2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision

current versions

No studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Antibiotics vs placebo Treatment‐associated systemic complications (RR < 1 favored) · Participants with acute bacterial conjunctivitis Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) vs standard treatment Mean change in BCVA at 1 month (logMAR) · people with acute non‐arteritic CRAO Interventions for acute non‐arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 98 participants	Low
Tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) vs standard treatment Quality of life measures at 1 month · people with acute non‐arteritic CRAO Interventions for acute non‐arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) vs standard treatment Adverse events at 1 month · people with acute non‐arteritic CRAO Interventions for acute non‐arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 146 participants	Low
Surgery vs botulinum neurotoxin injections Treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia Interventions for infantile esotropia (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.88 [1.27, 2.77]	1 study · 101 participants	Very low
Surgery vs botulinum neurotoxin injections Presence and quality of binocularity at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia Interventions for infantile esotropia (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Surgery vs botulinum neurotoxin injections Adverse effects (severe, minor) in 6 months · children with infantile esotropia Interventions for infantile esotropia (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 101 participants	Very low
Bilateral recession vs unilateral recession‐resection Treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia Interventions for infantile esotropia (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 118 participants	Very low
Bilateral recession vs unilateral recession‐resection Presence and quality of binocularity at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia Interventions for infantile esotropia (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1 participants	Very low
Bilateral recession vs unilateral recession‐resection Adverse effects (severe, minor) at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia Interventions for infantile esotropia (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 118 participants	Very low
Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo Short‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better ≤ 2 weeks after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.87 [0.57, 1.32]	1 study · 34 participants	Low
Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo Long‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo Final visual acuity 20/40 or better at resolution of hyphema · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 142 participants	Low
Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo Secondary hemorrhage at any time point · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.48 [0.2, 1.1]	2 studies · 131 participants	Low
Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo Adverse effects: systemic hypotension · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Systemic tranexamic acid vs control Short‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better ≤ 2 weeks after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.12 [1, 1.25]	4 studies · 425 participants	Moderate
Systemic tranexamic acid vs control Medium‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 weeks and ≤ 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Systemic tranexamic acid vs control Long‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Systemic tranexamic acid vs control Final visual acuity 20/40 or better at resolution of hyphema · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Systemic tranexamic acid vs control Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 549 participants	Very low
Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo Medium‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 weeks and ≤ 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Systemic tranexamic acid vs control Secondary hemorrhage at any time point · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.21, 0.53]	7 studies · 754 participants	Low
Systemic tranexamic acid vs control Adverse effects: nausea · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 ≤ 2 weeks after treatment; oral corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.2 [0.97, 1.49]	2 studies · 277 participants	Low
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 at end of treatment; oral corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.23]	1 study · 41 participants	Low
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 ≤ 2 weeks after treatment; topical corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.38, 1.47]	1 study · 34 participants	Very low
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/25 at end of treatment; topical corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.94, 1.11]	1 study · 111 participants	Low
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage; oral corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 166 participants	Low
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage; topical corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 34 participants	Very low
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Risk of secondary hemorrhage; oral corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.63 [0.4, 0.97]	3 studies · 323 participants	Low
Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control treatment Risk of secondary hemorrhage; topical corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.29 [0.05, 1.53]	2 studies · 151 participants	Very low
Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo Long‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.82, 1.29]	2 studies · 108 participants	Low
Other pharmaceutical agents vs placebo or other control interventions Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/60 at end of treatment; cycloplegics vs miotics · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.46, 1.45]	1 study · 34 participants	Low
Other pharmaceutical agents vs placebo or other control interventions Risk of secondary hemorrhage; conjugated estrogen · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [0.55, 2.54]	1 study · 85 participants	Moderate
Other pharmaceutical agents vs placebo or other control interventions Risk of secondary hemorrhage; cycloplegics · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.15, 6.99]	2 studies · 92 participants	Very low
Other pharmaceutical agents vs placebo or other control interventions Risk of secondary hemorrhage; aspirin · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.83 [0.33, 10.02]	1 study · 51 participants	Low
Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/60 at end of treatment; monocular vs binocular eye patching · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.67, 1]	1 study · 46 participants	Low
Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control Final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/50; monocular vs binocular eye patching · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.95 [0.77, 1.18]	1 study · 53 participants	Low
Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/50 at end of treatment; ambulatory vs bed rest · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.1 [0.84, 1.44]	1 study · 52 participants	Low
Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage; ambulatory vs bed rest · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 137 participants	Low
Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control Risk of secondary hemorrhage; monocular vs binocular eye patching · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.35, 1.72]	2 studies · 117 participants	Low
Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs control Risk of secondary hemorrhage; ambulatory treatment vs bed rest · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.28 [0.68, 2.4]	2 studies · 189 participants	Low
Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo Final visual acuity 20/40 or better at resolution of hyphema · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.18]	2 studies · 143 participants	Low
Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 330 participants	Low
Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo Secondary hemorrhage at any time point · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.28 [0.13, 0.6]	6 studies · 330 participants	Low
Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo Adverse effects: nausea or vomiting · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 8.6 [2.09, 35.5]	3 studies · 131 participants	Moderate
Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo Short‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better ≤ 2 weeks after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	RR 0.87 [0.47, 1.6]	1 study · 51 participants	Low
Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo Medium‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 weeks and ≤ 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention Incidence of retinopathy by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 participants	Ungraded