Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

30 questions · 33 findings · 4 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

No studies found 2 · 6.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 17 · 51.5%Low 10 · 30.3%Moderate 4 · 12.1%High 0 · 0%

Other adverse events · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Treatment withdrawal · people with cancer pain

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Single fixed‐dose oral dexketoprofen plus tramadol for acute postoperative pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 748 participants
Moderate

Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Single fixed‐dose oral dexketoprofen plus tramadol for acute postoperative pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Moderate

Number of women requiring rescue medication · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Single fixed‐dose oral dexketoprofen plus tramadol for acute postoperative pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 123 participants
Very low

Participants with ≥ 1 adverse event following a single dose, and after 3 to 5 days · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Single fixed‐dose oral dexketoprofen plus tramadol for acute postoperative pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 123 participants
Very low

Participants with a serious adverse event following a single dose, and after 3 to 5 days · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Single fixed‐dose oral dexketoprofen plus tramadol for acute postoperative pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 123 participants
Very low

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with tramadol (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.39, 1.43]
1 study · 76 participants
Low
Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.77]
1 study · 24 participants
Low
Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.45 [0.5, 4.16]
2 studies · 110 participants
Low

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with tramadol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine for postoperative pain treatment in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.11, 2.23]
1 study · 24 participants
Low