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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

96 questions · 99 findings · 9 reviews

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No studies found 29 · 29.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 29 · 29.3%Low 25 · 25.3%Moderate 16 · 16.2%High 0 · 0%

Tramadol vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · adults with neuropathic pain

Tramadol may leads to higher at least 50% reduction in pain compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with neuropathic pain

Tramadol may leads to higher withdrawal due to adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number experiencing adverse effects · adults with neuropathic pain

Tramadol may leads to higher participants experiencing any adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol may leads to lower number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs pethidine

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with pethidine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs pethidine

Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs pethidine

Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs fentanyl

Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (24 hours postoperatively) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs morphine

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with morphine (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Tramadol vs morphine

Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review