Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

670 questions · 695 findings · 72 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23%GRADE not reported 58 · 8.3%Very low 291 · 41.9%Low 148 · 21.3%Moderate 35 · 5%High 3 · 0.4%

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Treatment‐related adverse events Anxiety: GAD‐7 (Spitzer 2006) · children, adolescents or adults with CF

Summary of findings: psychological interventions showed no clear difference in treatment‐related adverse events Anxiety: GAD‐7 (Spitzer 2006) compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) · children, adolescents or adults with CF

Summary of findings: psychological interventions showed no clear difference in treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Acceptability · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

Psychological interventions may leads to higher acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: post‐intervention compared with treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

Recovery from CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Recovery defined by GDS ≤ 11a; HDRS < 7b; HDRS < 8c; PHQ‐9 < 6d; PHQ‐9 < 5 or 50% reduction from baselinee (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · adults with common mental disorders

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions may leads to higher recovery from CMDs ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

Prevalence of CMDs ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by SRQ‐20 > 7b; PHQ‐9 ≥ 11d (RR < 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adults with common mental disorders

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions may leads to lower prevalence of CMDs ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review