What do systematic reviews say?

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether PPI plus usual care changes acute respiratory infections study duration: 12 months compared with usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (very low certainty).

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.67, 1.39]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

PPI plus usual care vs usual care alone or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower PPI versus placebo Symptomatic outcome measures (high certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.32, 0.44]
  2 studies · 760 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower PPI versus H2RA (moderate certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.6, 0.73]
  7 studies · 3147 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower PPI versus prokinetic (low certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.32, 0.87]
  2 studies · 747 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower PPI versus placebo (moderate certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.65, 0.78]
  10 studies · 3710 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower PPI versus H2RA (low certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.97]
  4 studies · 960 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower PPI versus prokinetic (low certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.56, 0.92]
  1 study · 302 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

H2 receptor antagonists may leads to higher clinically important upper GI bleeding compared with proton pump inhibitors (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.9 [1.83, 4.58]
  13 studies · 1636 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in nosocomial pneumonia compared with proton pump inhibitors (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.77, 1.35]
  10 studies · 1256 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with proton pump inhibitors (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.78, 1.19]
  12 studies · 1564 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 482 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in number of participants requiring blood transfusion compared with proton pump inhibitors (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.98 [0.75, 5.21]
  3 studies · 575 participants
  Moderate

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower H2RA versus placebo (moderate certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.6, 0.99]
  2 studies · 1013 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 322 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower H2RA versus placebo (moderate certainty).

• Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95]
  2 studies · 514 participants
  Moderate

High vs non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen

High showed no clear difference in mortality compared with non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen (low certainty).

• Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.47, 1.54]
  12 studies · 1667 participants
  Low