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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

163 questions · 236 findings · 12 reviews · Periodontology

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No studies found 40 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 105 · 44.5%Very low 58 · 24.6%Low 28 · 11.9%Moderate 5 · 2.1%High 0 · 0%

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group)

Plaque · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Salvadora persica rinse reduced plaque relative to its own baseline; not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Placebo rinse vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group)

Streptococcus mutans count · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

Placebo rinse did not significantly change Streptococcus mutans counts relative to baseline; not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine 0.2% vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group)

Plaque · Medically healthy individuals (adults and children, 6-60 years)

0.2% chlorhexidine rinse reduced plaque relative to baseline; not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without… probably leads to lower change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) compared with supra-gingival scaling (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other… showed no clear difference in change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) compared with no treatment (no periodontal treatment) (low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding
  • Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Long term (follow-up 6 months) · People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension
    MD -2.55 [-6.9, 1.8]
    2 studies · 103 participants
    Low

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other… showed no clear difference in change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) compared with no treatment (no periodontal treatment) (low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding
  • Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (follow-up 3 months) · People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension
    MD 0.59 [-9.18, 10.36]
    1 study · 55 participants
    Very low

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without… probably leads to lower change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) compared with supra-gingival scaling (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental practitioners under specialist prescription) vs SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice)

Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults treated for periodontitis and receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT)

It is very uncertain whether SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental… changes bleeding on probing (%) compared with SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental practitioners under specialist prescription) vs SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice)

Probing pocket depth · Adults treated for periodontitis and receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT)

It is very uncertain whether SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental… changes probing pocket depth (mm) compared with SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental practitioners under specialist prescription) vs SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice)

Tooth loss · Adults treated for periodontitis and receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental practitioners under specialist prescription) vs SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice)

Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss) · Adults treated for periodontitis and receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

SPT performed by non-specialist clinicians (general dental practitioners under specialist prescription) vs SPT performed by specialists (specialist practice)

Adverse events · Adults treated for periodontitis and receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental caries vs Caries-free controls

Periodontitis (prevalence) · adults

Using adjusted ORs, caries remained associated with higher periodontitis odds (OR 1.57).

3 findings from 1 review

Periodontitis vs No periodontitis (periodontal health or gingivitis)

Dental caries prevalence · adults

With a non-standard periodontitis definition, the association persisted (OR 1.38).

12 findings from 1 review
Show 9 more findings

Periodontal disease (periodontitis; clinical attachment loss >=4 mm) vs Adults without periodontal disease (healthy periodontal status; CAL <=3 mm)

Root caries (presence of root caries) · Adults (mean age ~53 years)

Adults with periodontal disease had significantly higher odds of root caries than those without (pooled OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.53; 2 observational studies; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

Adverse events due to periodontal therapy · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes adverse events due to periodontal therapy compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

Cardiovascular events · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all cardiovascular events compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

All CVD-related death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all CVD-related death compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

All‐cause death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all-cause death compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review