What do systematic reviews say?

Preoperative paracetamol (acetaminophen) vs placebo

• Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No adverse events were recorded in Primosch 1995. The other two studies did not mention adverse events.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Preoperative analgesics (analgesics given before dental treatment) vs Placebo or no analgesics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies reported parental satisfaction. PUB3: 'there was no reporting of participant or parent satisfaction in any included study.'
  0 studies
  No studies found

Preoperative analgesics (analgesics given before dental treatment) vs Placebo or no analgesics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies reported patient satisfaction. PUB3: 'there was no reporting of participant or parent satisfaction in any included study.'
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Postoperatively, typically up to discharge (5 to 60 minutes)
  Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies, we were unable to determine an estimate of effect
  4 studies · 343 participants
  Very low

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Coulthard 2006: lip/cheek biting 3/70 (LA) vs 1/69 (placebo), P=0.62; Townsend 2009: 4/11 vs 1/12, P=0.16; no statistically significant difference
  2 studies · 162 participants
  GRADE not reported

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on lip or cheek biting
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported parental satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on patient or child satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Elhakim 1993 reported prolonged postoperative bleeding in the no-treatment group; Andrzejowski 2002 reported no difference in bleeding (nurse-assessed 'mild' in both groups)
  2 studies · 160 participants
  Very low

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies, we were unable to determine an estimate of effect
  2 studies · 174 participants
  Very low

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Postoperatively, typically up to discharge
  Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies, we were unable to determine an estimate of effect
  6 studies · 542 participants
  Very low

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported parental satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on patient or child satisfaction
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on postoperative anxiety
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on postoperative anxiety
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies, we were unable to determine an estimate of effect
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Very low

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours (using pain intensity… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 hours
  RR 4.87 [2.83, 8.37]
  17 studies · 1658 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 hours
  RR 3.41 [2.34, 4.97]
  13 studies · 1184 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 hours
  RR 2.85 [1.89, 4.29]
  16 studies · 1498 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… showed no clear difference in patients with one or more adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  up to 7 days
  RR 1.19 [0.90, 1.57]
  17 studies · 1645 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 6 hours (using pain relief… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 hours
  RR 3.32 [1.88, 5.87]
  13 studies · 1155 participants
  GRADE not reported