Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

120 questions · 120 findings · 15 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 32 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 3 · 2.5%Very low 34 · 28.3%Low 31 · 25.8%Moderate 18 · 15%High 2 · 1.7%

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Treatment failure · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable… showed no clear difference in treatment failure compared with 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Adverse events · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable… showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo

Incidence of S pneumoniae infection Isolated bacterial infection · children with SCD

Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis may leads to lower incidence of S pneumoniae infection Isolated bacterial infection compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Non‐serious adverse events Maximum · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

All‐cause mortality (penicillin versus a cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone)) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality (penicillin versus a cephalosporin (cefotaxime… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

All‐cause mortality (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality (penicillin versus doxycycline) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review