Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

139 questions · 143 findings · 18 reviews

No studies found 34 · 23.8%GRADE not reported 12 · 8.4%Very low 43 · 30.1%Low 34 · 23.8%Moderate 18 · 12.6%High 2 · 1.4%

Penicillin vs no treatment

Proportion of participants achieving clear or almost clear skin (PASI 90 to 100 or PGA 0 to 1) · guttate psoriasis

It is very uncertain whether penicillin changes proportion of participants achieving clear or almost clear skin… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs other antibiotics

Serological cure (4‐fold decrease or greater in non‐treponemal tests titre) · newborns with congenital syphilis

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) showed no clear difference in serological cure (4‐fold decrease or greater in non‐treponemal tests… compared with any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs other antibiotics

Absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during · newborns with congenital syphilis

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) showed no clear difference in absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during compared with any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation

Requirement of other courses of antibiotics · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in requirement of other courses of antibiotics compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation

Incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation

Nausea and vomiting · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in adverse effects: incidences of nausea and vomiting compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable… showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Early neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Late neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

Sepsis‐specific neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review