Adverse events · adults receiving intravenous opioids
Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of vomiting episodes · adults receiving intravenous opioids
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nausea severity · adults receiving intravenous opioids
1 finding from 1 review
Use of rescue medication · adults receiving intravenous opioids
Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in rescue medication compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of pain · children with acute postoperative pain
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
50 participants
GRADE not reported
no estimate extracted
50 participants
GRADE not reported
Reduction in pain intensity · children with acute postoperative pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Pain intensity ‐ as reported by child, at 2 to 24 hours № of participants: 300 (3 RCTs) · children with acute postoperative pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 2 participants
Very low
Nausea and vomiting · children with acute postoperative pain
Diclofenac probably leads to lower nausea, vomiting, or both during study period № of participants: 463… compared with opioids (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any bleeding during study period № of participants: 100(2 RCTs)d · children with acute postoperative pain
Diclofenac probably leads to higher any bleeding during study period № of participants: 222 (2 RCTs) compared with opioids (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events during the study period · children with acute postoperative pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Outcome№ of participants(studies) · children with acute postoperative pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Breathlessness: change from baseline1 · adults with refractory breathlessness
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 · adults with refractory breathlessness
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 7 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 · adults with refractory breathlessness
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5 ‐ total distance · adults with refractory breathlessness
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5‐ change from baseline · adults with refractory breathlessness
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events: constipation · adults with refractory breathlessness
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: constipation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events: nausea and vomiting · adults with refractory breathlessness
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: nausea and vomiting (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events: drowsiness · adults with refractory breathlessness
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: drowsiness (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Quality of life7 · adults with refractory breathlessness
1 finding from 1 review