What do systematic reviews say?

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: elevated thyroid peroxidase antibodies ‐… compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.44, 2.07]
  1 study · 359 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: elevated TPO‐ab ‐ postpartum compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.78, 1.3]
  3 studies · 397 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: hyperthyroidism ‐ pregnancy compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.9 [0.57, 6.38]
  1 study · 365 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effect: hyperthyroidism ‐ postpartum compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.11, 1.91]
  3 studies · 543 participants
  Low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether any supplement containing iodine changes maternal adverse effect: digestive intolerance ‐ pregnancy compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal… (very low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 15.33 [2.07, 113.7]
  1 study · 76 participants
  Very low

Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (maternal outcomes)

Any supplement containing iodine showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child… (low certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.42, 1.03]
  1 study · 399 participants
  Low

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine

• Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 85 participants
  Very low

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine probably leads to higher hypothyroidism compared with radioiodine (moderate certainty).

• Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.53 [1.52, 4.2]
  6 studies · 321 participants
  Moderate

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with radioiodine (low certainty).

• Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.24 [0.94, 1.63]
  6 studies · 321 participants
  Low

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine

• Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 268 participants
  Moderate

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine

• Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

It is very uncertain whether parachlorometaxylenol with iodine changes surgical site infection compared with iodine alone (very low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.99]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

It is very uncertain whether parachlorometaxylenol with iodine changes endometritis compared with iodine alone (very low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.56, 1.38]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Iodine supplementation vs control

Iodine supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality before hospital discharge compared with control (high certainty).

• Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.42]
  2 studies · 1380 participants
  High

Iodine supplementation vs control

• Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1259 participants
  High

Iodine supplementation vs control

• Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1259 participants
  High

Iodine supplementation vs control

• Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1259 participants
  High