Ambulation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)
High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in ambulation compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Survival (long term) Over two years · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)
High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in survival (long term) Over two years compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain reduction · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)
High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in pain reduction compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Urinary continence One week after treatment · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)
High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in urinary continence One week after treatment compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Local recurrence · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious adverse events · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)
High‐dose corticosteroids probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
QoL · adults aged 18 years and older receiving palliative care
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Quality of life measured on multiple scales (0 to 100; higher score = better quality of life) Postintervention: first assessment after end of treatment; no later than 3 months · children and adolescents aged 4 years to 18 years, with chronic musculoskeletal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity (Higher scores indicate higher pain intensity) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
1 finding from 1 review
Functional disability (Higher scores indicate higher levels of disability) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review
Quality of life (Higher scores indicate improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review
Pain intensity (Higher scores indicate higher pain intensity) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
1 finding from 1 review
Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review
Quality of life (Higher scores indicate improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
2 findings from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 30% improvement) (Higher scores indicate improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
CBT probably leads to higher pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 30% improvement) (Higher… compared with TAU (post‐treatment) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
CBT may leads to higher pain intensity (number of people with ≥ 50% improvement) (Higher… compared with TAU (post‐treatment) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
1 finding from 1 review
Oerlemans 1999 Disability as measured by the impairment level sum score (5 to 50) Higher scores indicate greater impairment Measured 12 months post recruitment · adults with CRPS I
1 finding from 1 review