Number of women requiring intra‐operative conversion to general anaesthesia · women undergoing caesarean section
1 finding from 1 review
Number of women satisfied with anaesthesia · women undergoing caesarean section
1 finding from 1 review
Regional analgesia (epidural/spinal) · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models changes regional analgesia (epidural/spinal) compared with other models of care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural · fetal malposition in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural · fetal malposition in labour
It is very uncertain whether hands and knees posture changes epidural use compared with other postures (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural analgesia during labour · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Epidural
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) · women in labour
IM pethidine may leads to lower additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Maternal satisfaction with analgesia, maternal pain score or pain measured in labour, additional analgesia, epidural
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Epidural · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether IM pethidine changes epidural compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of analgesia and epidural during labour · pregnant women in latent phase of labour stimulated with oxytocin for with induction of labour. No exclusion criteria were applied in…
Discontinued intravenous (IV) oxytocin stimulation may leads to higher use of analgesia and epidural during labour compared with continued IV oxytocin stimulation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any pharmacological or non‐pharmacological analgesia use excluding epidural · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Any pharmacological or non‐pharmacological analgesia use excluding epidural · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Any pharmacological or non‐pharmacological analgesia use excluding epidural · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia · healthy pregnant women
Home support showed no clear difference in use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with telephone triage (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia · healthy pregnant women
One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with usual care (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia · healthy pregnant women
Assessment may leads to lower use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with direct admission (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review