Very early treatment showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; stage 2 or greater) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe cognitive delay at 18… compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24… compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to… compared with expectant management (low certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
Very early treatment showed no clear difference in proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or… compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether very early treatment changes proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a… compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether early full enteral feeding changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with delayed or progressive feeding (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether prophylactic or very early CPAP changes failed treatment defined as recurrent apnoea, hypoxia, hypercarbia… compared with supportive care (very low certainty).
Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks defined as oxygen dependency… compared with supportive care (moderate certainty).
Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in death at any time compared with supportive care (moderate certainty).
Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in combined outcome of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined as… compared with supportive care (low certainty).
Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax compared with supportive care (low certainty).
Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 or 4 compared with supportive care (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Early inhaled steroid (< 2 weeks) probably leads to lower CLD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (among survivors) (moderate certainty).