Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,181 questions · 1,197 findings · 144 reviews

No studies found 196 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 213 · 17.8%Very low 274 · 22.9%Low 296 · 24.7%Moderate 171 · 14.3%High 47 · 3.9%

Untargeted antifungal treatment with any antifungal drug (systemic or nonabsorbable) vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

Treatment cessation due to adverse events · preventing fungal infections in non‐neutropenic critically ill patients

Untargeted antifungal treatment with any antifungal drug (systemic… showed no clear difference in adverse events requiring cessation of study drug(s) compared with placebo/no antifungal/any other antifungal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Microbial resistance to prophylactic drug · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in microbial resistance to prophylactic drug compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Empirical antifungal treatment · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in empirical antifungal treatment compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole, clotrimazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Empirical antifungal treatment · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs partially absorbed from GI tract (miconazole,… showed no clear difference in empirical antifungal treatment compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Empirical antifungal treatment · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… led to lower empirical antifungal treatment compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

Adverse drug effects Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, symptomatic gastrointestinal reflux, symptoms of congestive heart failure or ischaemic heart disease, sleep disturbance, fractures, depression · exacerbations of COPD

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in adverse drug effects Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, symptomatic… compared with SCS treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Disability worsening

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes disability‐worsening Proportion of participants with… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Relapse

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes relapse Proportion of participants with relapse during 24 months of… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review