Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

98 questions · 100 findings · 26 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 5 · 5%GRADE not reported 6 · 6%Very low 28 · 28%Low 42 · 42%Moderate 19 · 19%High 0 · 0%

Probiotics vs placebo

Relief of pain · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup (irritable bowel syndrome) Different measures were used to assess improvement in pain, as above. · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibre vs placebo

Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in pain was defined and measured differently in the 2 included studies: using a "stomach ache diary" and the Faces Pain Scale (Bieri 1990). · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Fibre showed no clear difference in improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fecal microbiota transplantation vs control

Resolution of rCDI · adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI)

Summary of findings table ‐ Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) probably leads to higher resolution of rCDI compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fecal microbiota transplantation vs control

Serious adverse events · adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI)

Summary of findings table ‐ Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fecal microbiota transplantation vs control

All‐cause mortality · adults with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI)

Summary of findings table ‐ Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder vs conventional diagnostic workup

All‐cause long‐term mortality · people with unexplained recurrent syncope

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings for the main comparison. Implantable loop recorder changes all‐cause long‐term mortality compared with conventional diagnostic workup (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review