Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

114 questions · 147 findings · 22 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 10 · 6.8%GRADE not reported 120 · 81.6%Very low 10 · 6.8%Low 5 · 3.4%Moderate 2 · 1.4%High 0 · 0%

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

It is very uncertain whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) changes oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Oral pain · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in oral pain (mean pain score, 0 to 10 scale) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Normalcy of diet (tube feeding) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (tube feeding) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Improvement in mucositis · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to higher improvement in mucositis compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Time to heal mucositis (days) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in time to heal mucositis (days) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs Antimycotic mouthrinse

Time to heal mucositis (days) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower time to heal mucositis (days) compared with antimycotic mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs povidone‐iodine

Time to heal mucositis (days) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower time to heal mucositis (days) compared with povidone iodine; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Interruptions to cancer treatment · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Experimental adhesive containing ammonium-based methacrylate monomer (MADQUAT) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control

Enamel remineralization / carious lesion development · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro)

In vitro, an ammonium-based methacrylate-containing adhesive showed significant remineralization/anti-demineralization versus control in a single study (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Different etching materials (phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid, maleic acid, etc.), acid concentrations or etching times vs An alternative etching material, concentration or etching time

Outcome not reported · Children and adults with fixed orthodontic brackets bonded to incisors, canines and premolars

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • We identified no eligible trial that examined the effects of conventional etchants with respect to different etching concentrations or etching times for the bonding of fixed orthodontic appliances. No eligible RCTs…
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Eating a normally varied diet · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Restoration of sexual activity · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Reduction in number of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Reduction in severity of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review