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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Statins vs placebo Picture‐Word Learning Test 15 Picture Learning Test Measures immediate and delayed recall · older people with normal cognitiona Statins for the prevention of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | MD 0.02 | 1 study · 5804 participants | High |
Statins vs placebo Letter Digit Coding Test Total number of correct entries completed in 60 seconds Measures processing speed · older people with normal cognitiona Statins for the prevention of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 5804 participants | High |
Statins vs placebo Mean Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Score Score out of 39 · older people with normal cognitiona Statins for the prevention of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | MD 0.02 | 1 study · 20536 participants | High |
Statins vs placebo Adverse events leading to discontinuation of therapy · older people with normal cognitiona Statins for the prevention of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.83, 1.05] | 2 studies · 26340 participants | High |
A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care Incidence of delirium validated instruments1 Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.59, 0.81] | 7 studies · 1950 participants | Moderate |
Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo Length of admission Days Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 128 participants | Low |
Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo Return to independent living ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo Inpatient mortality ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of delirium CAM/NEECHAM Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.23, 1.3] | 3 studies · 916 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Duration of delirium Days Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 178 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Severity of delirium DRS. Scale from: 0 to 46. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 178 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Length of admission Days Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Return to independent living ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Inpatient mortality ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of delirium CAM/DSM IV/DRS‐R‐9s Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.09, 3.25] | 3 studies · 529 participants | Very low |
A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care Duration of delirium (days) Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 244 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Duration of delirium Days Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severity of delirium (binary severe vs. not severe) Number of patients requiring greater than 3mg of haloperidol Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.58, 1.27] | 1 study · 104 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Severity of delirium DRS‐R‐98 score Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Length of admission Days Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 500 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Return to independent living ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR In‐hospital mortality Mortality Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.37, 1.88] | 3 studies · 543 participants | Low |
Bispectral index (BIS)‐guided anaesthesia vs BIS‐blinded anaesthesia/clinical judgement Incidence of delirium CAM, DSM‐IV Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.6, 0.85] | 2 studies · 2057 participants | Moderate |
Bispectral index (BIS)‐guided anaesthesia vs BIS‐blinded anaesthesia/clinical judgement Duration of delirium ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bispectral index (BIS)‐guided anaesthesia vs BIS‐blinded anaesthesia/clinical judgement Severity of delirium ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bispectral index (BIS)‐guided anaesthesia vs BIS‐blinded anaesthesia/clinical judgement Length of admission Days Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2057 participants | Moderate |
A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care Severity of delirium DRS‐R‐98 and CAM‐S10 Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 67 participants | Low |
Bispectral index (BIS)‐guided anaesthesia vs BIS‐blinded anaesthesia/clinical judgement Return to independent living ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bispectral index (BIS)‐guided anaesthesia vs BIS‐blinded anaesthesia/clinical judgement In‐hospital mortality ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care Length of admission Days Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1920 participants | Moderate |
A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care Return to independent living Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.85, 1.06] | 4 studies · 1116 participants | Moderate |
A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care Inpatient mortality Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.56, 1.43] | 3 studies · 859 participants | Very low |
Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo Incidence of delirium DSM‐IV criteria, DSI, CAM, Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.17, 2.62] | 2 studies · 113 participants | Very low |
Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo Duration of delirium ‐ not measured Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo Severity of delirium MDAS Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Any adverse event (combined: diarrhoea, urinary tract infection, falls, dizziness, agitations) · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.95, 1.1] | 1 study · 402 participants | Moderate |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo ADL · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 544 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Overall dementia severity (cognition and function combined) · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 542 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Memory ‐ not measured · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Serious adverse events "Defined as events that result in death, hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, or are life threatening (based on the judgment of the study physician)" (Quinn 2010) · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.78, 1.41] | 1 study · 402 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo QoL · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 269 participants | Moderate |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo QoL · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 332 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Mental health (depression) · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 178 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Mental health · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 543 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Global cognitive function · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 566 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo Global cognitive function · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 202 participants | High |
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo IADL · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Incident dementia ‐ not measured · adults with cognitive impairment/dementia and cognitively intact populations Antihypertensive withdrawal for the prevention of cognitive decline (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cognition (at 90 days): t‐MMSE score1 · adults with cognitive impairment/dementia and cognitively intact populations Antihypertensive withdrawal for the prevention of cognitive decline (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17842 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Composite cognitive function6 (change over 16 weeks) · adults with cognitive impairment/dementia and cognitively intact populations Antihypertensive withdrawal for the prevention of cognitive decline (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3517 participants | Low |