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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,000 questions in 69 reviews · Urology
current versionsNo studies 196 · 19.6%Ungraded 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone Time to progression Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 0.74 [0, 247.93] | 1 study · 233 participants | Very low |
Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone Serious adverse events Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.74 [0.52, 5.77] | 1 study · 233 participants | Very low |
Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone Disease‐specific survival Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [0.8, 1.4] | 1 study · 233 participants | Moderate |
Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs TURBT alone Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs postoperative BCG induction therapy Serious adverse events Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.18, 3.11] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs postoperative BCG induction therapy Disease‐specific survival Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs postoperative BCG induction therapy Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs MMC‐PD induction therapy Time to recurrence Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.44, 0.98] | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs MMC‐PD induction therapy Time to progression Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs MMC‐PD induction therapy Serious adverse events Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.27, 8.45] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Postoperative MMC‐EMDA induction vs MMC‐PD induction therapy Disease‐specific survival Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Partial nephrectomy vs radical nephrectomy Time‐to‐death of any cause (anticipated absolute effects refer to all‐cause mortality; median Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy for clinical localised renal masses (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.5 [1.03, 2.18] | 1 study · 541 participants | Low |
Partial nephrectomy vs radical nephrectomy Serious adverse events (Surgery‐related mortality) Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy for clinical localised renal masses (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [0.19, 22.34] | 1 study · 541 participants | Low |
Partial nephrectomy vs radical nephrectomy Time‐to‐recurrence (anticipated absolute effects refer to recurrence; median Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy for clinical localised renal masses (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.37 [0.58, 3.24] | 1 study · 541 participants | Low |
Partial nephrectomy vs radical nephrectomy Permanent haemodialysis ‐ not measured Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy for clinical localised renal masses (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Partial nephrectomy vs radical nephrectomy Quality of Life ‐ not measured Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy for clinical localised renal masses (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs placebo Number of nocturnal voids Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1982 participants | Low |
Desmopressin vs placebo Major adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.05 [0.13, 73.39] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Desmopressin vs placebo Duration of first sleep episode Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 115 participants | Moderate |
Desmopressin vs placebo Time to first void ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs placebo Minor adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.49, 1.49] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Desmopressin vs placebo Treatment withdrawal due to adverse event Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.05 [0.13, 73.39] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Desmopressin vs behaviour modifications Number of nocturnal voids ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs behaviour modifications Quality of life ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs behaviour modifications Major adverse events ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs behaviour modifications Duration of first sleep episode Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Desmopressin vs behaviour modifications Time to first void ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs placebo Quality of life ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs behaviour modifications Minor adverse events ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs behaviour modifications Treatment withdrawal due to adverse event ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker Number of nocturnal voids Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Moderate |
Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker Quality of life Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Moderate |
Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker Major adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker Duration of first sleep episode ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker Time to first void ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker Minor adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.07, 15.57] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker Treatment withdrawal due to adverse event Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker Number of nocturnal voids Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 341 participants | Moderate |
Desmopressin vs placebo Major adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.1, 9.03] | 2 studies · 536 participants | Very low |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker Quality of life Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 341 participants | Moderate |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker Major adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.01, 7.32] | 3 studies · 402 participants | Low |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker Duration of first sleep episode ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker Time to first void ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker Minor adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [0.15, 16.82] | 3 studies · 402 participants | Very low |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker Treatment withdrawal due to adverse event Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.84 [0.46, 17.66] | 3 studies · 402 participants | Low |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic Number of nocturnal voids Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 405 participants | Moderate |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic Quality of life ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic Major adverse events Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 427 participants | Low |
Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic Duration of first sleep episode ‐ not reported Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Desmopressin vs placebo Duration of first sleep episode Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 652 participants | Very low |