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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,105 questions in 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
current versionsNo studies 434 · 39.3%Ungraded 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 269 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pressure symptoms / cosmetic complaints Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Nodule volume reduction ≥ 50% Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.57 [1.04, 2.38] | 10 studies · 958 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Socioeconomic effects Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Thyroid cancer Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Complications of diabetes mellitus · ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 224 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause and specific mortality · ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR (a) Self‐efficacy and empowerment · ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 720 participants | Low |
Intervention NR HbA1c [%] · ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1972 participants | High |
Intervention NR Health economics: cost‐effectiveness [QALY] · ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 417 participants | Low |
Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention Cancer occurrence · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a… Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.94, 1.06] | 18 studies · 50623 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention Cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a… Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.94, 1.06] | 14 studies · 49891 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a… Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.88, 0.98] | 15 studies · 49866 participants | Low |
Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol) · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a… Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.98] | 4 studies · 44492 participants | Low |
Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention Adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol) combined with calcium · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a… Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.34] | 3 studies · 42753 participants | Low |
Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention Health‐related quality of life · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a… Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention Health economics · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a… Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · adults Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.91, 0.98] | 38 studies · 75927 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · adults Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.9, 1.07] | 10 studies · 47267 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · adults Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.98] | 4 studies · 44492 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium ( · adults Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [1.02, 1.34] | 4 studies · 42876 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse events: hypercalcaemia in trials using the active forms of vitamin D (alfacalcidol and calcitriol) ( · adults Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3.18 [1.17, 8.68] | 3 studies · 710 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life ( · adults Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 105 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Health economics ( · adults Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3270 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Weight loss [kg] a) · adults with overweight and obesity Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2971 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · adults with overweight and obesity Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · adults with overweight and obesity Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Physical activity, self‐reported exercise [minutes per week] · adults with overweight and obesity Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 665 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Dietary habits a) Diet with <30% fat [%] · adults with overweight and obesity Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 665 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Costs · adults with overweight and obesity Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss… (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Macrovascular complications · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Adverse events · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Severe hypoglycaemia, baseline HbA1c < 9.0 · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [1.29, 2.19] | 3 studies · 1583 participants | Low |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Severe hypoglycaemia, baseline HbA1c ≥9.0 · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.66, 1.64] | 8 studies · 525 participants | Low |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Ketoacidosis · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 4.93 [1.18, 20.6] | 3 studies · 96 participants | Very low |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Health‐related quality of life · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1441 participants | Moderate |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control All‐cause mortality · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.48, 2.19] | 10 studies · 2039 participants | Moderate |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Costs · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1441 participants | Moderate |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Microvascular complications · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Manifestation of retinopathy · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.27 [0.18, 0.42] | 2 studies · 768 participants | High |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Progression of retinopathy · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.49, 0.76] | 2 studies · 764 participants | Moderate |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Progression of retinopathy · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.32 [1.16, 4.63] | 2 studies · 96 participants | Low |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Manifestation of nephropathy · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.46, 0.68] | 3 studies · 1475 participants | Moderate |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Progression of nephropathy · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 | 3 studies · 179 participants | Very low |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Manifestation of neuropathy · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.23, 0.53] | 3 studies · 1203 participants | High |
Intensive glucose control vs conventional glucose control Progression of neuropathy · persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |