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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,281 questions · 1,307 findings · 212 reviews

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No studies found 256 · 19.6%GRADE not reported 125 · 9.6%Very low 266 · 20.4%Low 403 · 30.8%Moderate 208 · 15.9%High 49 · 3.7%

Supplemental IV crystalloid vs control IV crystalloid volume

Risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported dichotomously as the use of any medication intended to treat nausea or vomiting during the postoperative period · participants aged 6 months or older undergoing surgical procedures under general anaesthesia

Supplemental IV crystalloid probably leads to lower risk of requiring pharmacologic treatment for PONV, reported… compared with control IV crystalloid volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mean number of glaucoma medications 12 months postintervention · adults with refractory glaucoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mean number of glaucoma medications 12 months postintervention · adults with refractory glaucoma
1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Patient enablement and engagement (b) Morisky Medication Adherence Scale at 15 months after baseline (8‐item yes‐no survey. Range of scores from 0 to 8. Lower scores suggest non‐adherence) (Morisky 2008) · older patients with multi‐morbidity
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum heart rate < 60 beats per minute or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia

The intervention showed no clear difference in bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia

The intervention showed no clear difference in hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Bradycardia · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to higher bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Hypotension · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers probably leads to higher hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs other active intervention

Requiring rescue medication for diarrhoea · participants with cancer treated with radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy)

It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes requiring rescue medication for diarrhoea compared with other active treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · participants with cancer treated with radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy)
2 findings from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Requiring rescue medication for diarrhoea · participants with cancer treated with radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy)

Probiotics showed no clear difference in requiring rescue medication for diarrhoea compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review